Answered: How Distant Enhancer Sequences…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Question

How Distant Enhancer Sequences and
Interactions with Chromatin Influence
Eukaryotic Promoters?

Expert Solution

Step 1

The promoter is the region of a gene sequence that binds to the RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase. The binding of polymerase to the promoter is mediated and strengthened by several transcription factors. However, some transcription factors can act as negative regulators of transcription. The polymerase binds to the promoter to form a closed complex that transitions into the open complex. In the open complex, the localized unwinding of the duplex occurs to add ribonucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Step 2

The regulation of gene expression takes place through chromatin modification, transcription factors, and RNA interference mechanism among others.
The enhancer sequences are located distantly from the promoter of a gene. They are 100-300 base pair long and bind to transcriptional activators. They increase the rate of transcription of specific genes. Their activity is orientation independent and they can exert their effects from a point located far away from the promoter.
The mediator complex serves as a link between the enhancer sequences and the RNA polymerase found at the promoters. It causes the looping of the intervening chromatin to allow the interaction between distantly located enhancer and the promoter. The cumulative effect is the stabilization of the pre-initiation complex at the promoter and initiation of transcription. The remodeling of the local chromatin must take place to allow the interaction between the enhancer and the promoter. The formation of a higher-order chromatin structure would allow the enhancer and the promoter to come near.

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions