Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Question
How did P<0.005 come into being? How do you determine what is due to chance and what's not?
Transcribed Image Text:(a)
Brown body,
straight wings
Yellow body,
curved wings
y*y,cv*cv
уу сусу
1 A testcross is carried
out between
Cross
cockroaches differing
in two characteristics.
63 yty cvtcv
28 yty cvcv
brown body, straight wings
brown body, curved wings
yellow body, straight wings
yellow body, curved wings
33 yy cvtcv
77 уу сусу
(b) Contingency table
Segregation of y* and y 3.with genotypes
for one locus
2 To test for independent
assortment of alleles
encoding the two traits,
a table is constructed.
Row
along the top...
y*y
yy
totals
cv*cv 63
5 Numbers of each
5
genotype are
placed in the
table cells, and
the row totals,
column totals,
33
96
Segregation
of cvt and cv
су су
28
77
105
..and genotypes
for the other locus
Column
totals
91
110
201
along the left side.
Grand total and grand total
are computed.
(c)
Number expected
row total X column total
Number
Genotype
observed
grand total
96 X91
y*y cvtcv
63
= 43.46
201
6 The expected
numbers of
105 X91
y*y cvcv
28
= 47.54
201
progeny,
assuming
independent
assortment,
are calculated.
96 X110
yy cy*cv
33
= 52.54
201
105X110
уу сусу
77
= 57.46
201
(d)
2 = observed-expected)2
expected
7 A chi-square
value is
calculated.
(63 – 43.46)2
(28 – 47.54)2 , (33 – 52.54)?
+
52.54
(77 - 57.46)2
+
43.46
47.54
57.46
= 8.79 + 8.03 + 7.27 + 6.64
= 30.73
8 The probability
is less than 0.005,
df = (number of rows - 1) X (number of columns – 1)| indicating that
the difference
(e)
df = (2 – 1) X (2 – 1) = 1 X 1 = 1
between the
numbers of
observed and
P< 0.005
Conclusion: The genes for body color and type of wing
are not assorting independently and must be linked.
expected progeny
is probably not
due to chance.
Pierce, Genetics: A Conceptual Approach, 7e © 2020 W. H. Freeman and Company
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