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How did Europeans conquer African kingdoms? What were different African responses to European imperialism? What actions did Menelik II and Samory Toure take in response to Europeans? What actions did the Zulus take in response to Europeans?

How did Europeans conquer African kingdoms? What were different African responses to European imperialism? What actions did Menelik II and Samory Toure take in response to Europeans? What actions did the Zulus take in response to Europeans?

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How did Europeans conquer African kingdoms? What were different African responses to European imperialism? What actions did Menelik II and Samory Toure take in response to Europeans? What actions did the Zulus take in response to Europeans?
By 1885 Western Europeans had mastered the art of divide, conquer, and rule, honing their skills over four hundred years of imperialism and exploitation in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In addition, technological advances of the Industrial Revolution, produced unmatched military might. When Europeans turned to Africa to satisfy their greed for resources and empire, they used different strategies to gain African allies to conquer kingdoms. Consequently, the African responses to this process of European imperialism and the ways in which they resisted it were complex. Adding to the complexity was the fact that rapid European imperial expansion in Africa did not necessarily change relationships among African communities. Those African communities in conflict with one another tended to remain in conflict. For example, in what is now Ghana, existing conflict between the Fante and Asante motivated the Fante to join the British against the Asante, who at the time seemed to be their greatest threat. Ethiopia stands alone, however, as the one African society to successfully defend itself against an invading European army and remain free of direct European political domination. Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia, led his army to accomplish this unique feat in March 1896, defeating General Oreste Baratieri's Italian army at the Battle of Adwa. Like Menelik II, Muslim cleric Samory Touré, who created a large Mandinka empire in West Africa between the 1860s and the 1890s, was an inspiring political and military leader. He resisted French aggression. He manufactured firearms, relocated his kingdom, and engaged in diplomacy in response to both the French and the British encroachment. Yet as he conquered African territory in relocating his kingdom and engaged in conflicts with other African communities, the French pushed deeper into the territory aided by a group of neighboring African soldiers. The British also pushed into his territory with a large contingent of Hausa (Nigerian) soldiers. Each time the French attacked his territory or the trade routes and goldfields at the heart of his economy, he mounted a series of successful counterattacks, until he was captured by the French, dying in exile in 1900.? The Zulu in South Africa also resisted English Boers encroaching on their territory. Earlier, in the 1830s descendants of the original Dutch settlers, now called Boers, migrated into the interior of South Africa and began to engage in conflicts with the Zulu and British. The Zulu were a south African tribe that placed an emphasis on military organization and skill, as established by their legendary leader Shaka Zulu. Under Shaka's rule, the Zulu broadened their land claims throughout southern Africa. Eventually, the Zulu came into the conflict with the British army as they expanded the British, under the Copyright: Achievement First. Unless otherwise noted, all of the content in this resource is licensed under a Crea International 4.Q (CC BY) license This text 'European Imperialism' is a revised of "Ag of Imperialism (1870-1914)" by Shreiner University and "African Resistance Talton. Achievement First does not own the copyright in Age of Imperialism, and African Resistance to Colonial Rule. The material non-profit educational purposes under fair use principles in U.S. Copyright law. The user should make the judgment about whethe under fair use / fair dealing permissions in the user's country. economic interests of Cecil Rhodes, control over southern Africa and invaded the homeland of the Zulu. Despite early victories, the Zulu were eventually defeated by the technology and vast resources at the command of the British troops in 1879. Soon, all of southern Africa would come under British control. However, the Zulu continued resisting British colonization mounting another rebellion in 1906.
Transcribed Image Text:By 1885 Western Europeans had mastered the art of divide, conquer, and rule, honing their skills over four hundred years of imperialism and exploitation in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. In addition, technological advances of the Industrial Revolution, produced unmatched military might. When Europeans turned to Africa to satisfy their greed for resources and empire, they used different strategies to gain African allies to conquer kingdoms. Consequently, the African responses to this process of European imperialism and the ways in which they resisted it were complex. Adding to the complexity was the fact that rapid European imperial expansion in Africa did not necessarily change relationships among African communities. Those African communities in conflict with one another tended to remain in conflict. For example, in what is now Ghana, existing conflict between the Fante and Asante motivated the Fante to join the British against the Asante, who at the time seemed to be their greatest threat. Ethiopia stands alone, however, as the one African society to successfully defend itself against an invading European army and remain free of direct European political domination. Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia, led his army to accomplish this unique feat in March 1896, defeating General Oreste Baratieri's Italian army at the Battle of Adwa. Like Menelik II, Muslim cleric Samory Touré, who created a large Mandinka empire in West Africa between the 1860s and the 1890s, was an inspiring political and military leader. He resisted French aggression. He manufactured firearms, relocated his kingdom, and engaged in diplomacy in response to both the French and the British encroachment. Yet as he conquered African territory in relocating his kingdom and engaged in conflicts with other African communities, the French pushed deeper into the territory aided by a group of neighboring African soldiers. The British also pushed into his territory with a large contingent of Hausa (Nigerian) soldiers. Each time the French attacked his territory or the trade routes and goldfields at the heart of his economy, he mounted a series of successful counterattacks, until he was captured by the French, dying in exile in 1900.? The Zulu in South Africa also resisted English Boers encroaching on their territory. Earlier, in the 1830s descendants of the original Dutch settlers, now called Boers, migrated into the interior of South Africa and began to engage in conflicts with the Zulu and British. The Zulu were a south African tribe that placed an emphasis on military organization and skill, as established by their legendary leader Shaka Zulu. Under Shaka's rule, the Zulu broadened their land claims throughout southern Africa. Eventually, the Zulu came into the conflict with the British army as they expanded the British, under the Copyright: Achievement First. Unless otherwise noted, all of the content in this resource is licensed under a Crea International 4.Q (CC BY) license This text 'European Imperialism' is a revised of "Ag of Imperialism (1870-1914)" by Shreiner University and "African Resistance Talton. Achievement First does not own the copyright in Age of Imperialism, and African Resistance to Colonial Rule. The material non-profit educational purposes under fair use principles in U.S. Copyright law. The user should make the judgment about whethe under fair use / fair dealing permissions in the user's country. economic interests of Cecil Rhodes, control over southern Africa and invaded the homeland of the Zulu. Despite early victories, the Zulu were eventually defeated by the technology and vast resources at the command of the British troops in 1879. Soon, all of southern Africa would come under British control. However, the Zulu continued resisting British colonization mounting another rebellion in 1906.
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