How can you tell whether or not there are blue kernels? The Y was dominant. Set up and complete a Punnett square for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above). Answer these questions: What are the genotypes of the F2 generation? YY, Yy, yy What are their phenotypes? YY, Yy(yellow) , yy(blue) Are there m
- How can you tell whether or not there are blue kernels?
The Y was dominant.
- Set up and complete a Punnett square for a cross of two of the F1 from Step 1 (above).
- Answer these questions:
- What are the genotypes of the F2 generation?
YY, Yy, yy
- What are their
phenotypes ?
YY, Yy(yellow) , yy(blue)
- Are there more or fewer blue kernels than in the F1 generation?
F2 generation has more blue kernels than F1.
- Identify the four possible gametes produced by the following individuals (Y = yellow, y = blue, S = smooth, s = wrinkled):
- YY Ss: YS Ys YS Ys
- Yy Ss: YS Ys yS ys
- Create a Punnett square using these gametes as P1 and determine the genotypes of the F1.
|
YS |
Ys |
YS |
YYSS |
YYSs |
Ys |
YYSs |
YYss |
yS |
YySS |
YySs |
ys |
YySs |
Yyss |
- What are the phenotypes? What is the ratio of those phenotypes?
The phenotypes would be:
(a) Yellow with smooth
(b) Yellow with wrinkled
3:1
Part 2: Data Tables
Table 1: Parent Genotypes: Monohybrid Crosses
Generation |
Genotype of Individual #1 |
Genotype of Individual #2 |
P |
Yy |
Ss |
P1 |
Yy |
Ss |
P2 |
Yy |
ss |
P3 |
Yy |
SS |
P4 |
YY |
SS |
Table 2: Generation Data Produced by Monohybrid Crosses
Generation |
Possible Offspring Genotypes |
Possible Offspring Phenotypes |
Genotype Ratio |
Phenotype Ratio |
P |
yySs |
|
|
|
P1 |
yySs |
|
|
|
P2 |
Yyss |
|
|
|
P3 |
YySS |
|
|
|
P4 |
YYSS |
|
|
|
Part 2: Post-Lab Questions
- How much genotypic variation do you find in the randomly picked parents of your crosses?
- How much in the offspring?
- Pool all of the offspring from your five replicates. How much phenotypic variation do you find?
- Is the ratio of observed phenotypes the same as the ratio of predicted phenotypes? Why or why not?
- What is the difference between genes and alleles?
- How might protein synthesis execute differently if a mutation occurs?
- Organisms heterozygous for a recessive trait are often called carriers of that trait. What does that mean?
- In peas, green pods (G) are dominant over yellow pods. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant, what will be the phenotype of the F1 generation? If two plants from the F1 generation are crossed, what will the phenotype of their offspring be?
Part 3: Data Tables
Table 3: Parent Genotypes: Dihybrid Crosses
Generation |
Genotype of Individual #1 |
Genotype of Individual #2 |
P |
|
|
P1 |
|
|
P2 |
|
|
P3 |
|
|
P4 |
|
|
Table 4: Generation Data Produced by Dihybrid Crosses
Generation |
Possible Offspring Genotypes |
Possible Offspring Phenotypes |
Genotype Ratio |
Phenotype Ratio |
P |
|
|
|
|
P1 |
|
|
|
|
P2 |
|
|
|
|
P3 |
|
|
|
|
P4 |
|
|
|
|
Part 3: Post-Lab Questions
- How similar are the observed phenotypes in each replicate?
- How similar are they if you pool your data from each of the five replicates?
- Is it closer or further from your prediction?
- Did the results from the monohybrid or dihybrid cross most closely match your predicted ratio of phenotypes?
- Based on these results, what would you expect if you were looking at a cross of 5, 10, or 20 independently sorted genes?
- Why is it so expensive to produce a hybrid plant seed?
- In certain bacteria, an oval shape (O) is dominant over round (o) and thick cell walls (T) are dominant over thin (t). Show a cross between a heterozygous oval, thick cell walled bacteria with a round, thin cell walled bacteria. What are the phenotypes of the F1 and F2 offspring?
Help Please! I got lost after a while. Thank you in advance!
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