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How can one protect themselves from an electric shock?

Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student Edition

1st Edition

ISBN:9780078807213

Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Publisher:Paul W. Zitzewitz

Chapter22: Electric Current

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 84A

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How can one protect themselves from an electric shock?

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Why is it possible for a bird to sit on a high-voltage wire without being electrocuted?
The immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, an uncoordinated quivering of the heart, as opposed to proper beating. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart will sometimes start organized beating again. A defibrillator is a device that applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time of a few milliseconds. The device contains a capacitor of a few microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles, about 8 cm across and coated with conducting paste, are held against the chest on both sides of the heart. Their handles are insulated to prevent injury to the operator, who calls Clear! and pushes a button on one paddle to discharge the capacitor through the patient's chest Assume an energy of 3.00 102 W s is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?
What determines the severity of a shock? Can you say that a certain voltage is hazardous without further information?
The immediate cause of many deaths is ventricular fibrillation, which is an uncoordinated quivering of the heart. An electric shock to the chest can cause momentary paralysis of the heart muscle, after which the heart sometimes resumes its proper beating. One type of defibrillator (chapter-opening photo, page 777) applies a strong electric shock to the chest over a time interval of a few milliseconds. This device contains a capacitor of several microfarads, charged to several thousand volts. Electrodes called paddles are held against the chest on both sides of tire heart, and the capacitor is discharged through the patient's chest. Assume an energy of 300 J is to be delivered from a 30.0-F capacitor. To what potential difference must it be charged?
Why is a golfer with a metal dub over her shoulder vulnerable to lightning in an open fairway? Would she be any safer under a tree?
The batteries of a submerged non-nuclear submarine supply 1000 A at full speed ahead. How long does it take to move Avogadro’s number (6.02 1023) of electrons at this rate?
Repeat the above example on Example 20.3, but for a wire made of silver and given there is one free electron per silver atom.
A battery-operated car uses a 12.0-V system. Find the charge the batteries must be able to move in order to accelerate the 750 kg car from rest to 25.0 m/s, make it climb a 2.00102 -in high hill, and finally cause it to travel at a constant 25.0 m/s while climbing with 5.00102 -N force for an hour.
We are often advised to not flick electric switches with wet hands, dry your hand first. We are also advised to never throw water on an electric fire. Why?
In places such as hospital operating rooms or factories for electronic circuit boards, electric sparks must be avoided. A prison standing on a grounded floor and touching nothing else can typically have a body capacitance of 150 pF, in parallel with a foot capacitance of 80.0 pF produced by the dielectric soles of his or her shoes. The person acquires static electric charge from interactions with Ills or her surroundings. The static charge flows to ground through the equivalent resistance of the two shoe soles in parallel with each other. A pair of rubber-soled street shoes can present an equivalent resistance of 5.00 103 M. A pair of shoes with special static-dissipative soles can have an equivalent resistance of 1.00 M. Consider the persons body and shoes as forming an RC circuit with the ground. (a) How long does it take the rubber-soled shoes to reduce a persons potential from 3.00 103 V to 100? (b) How long does it take the static-dissipative shoes to do the same thing?
The first Leyden jar was probably discovered by a German clerk named E. Georg von Kleist. Because von Kleist was not a scientist and did not keep good records, the credit for the discovery of the Leyden jar usually goes to physicist Pieter Musschenbroek from Leyden, Holland. Musschenbroek accidentally discovered the Leyden jar when he tried to charge a jar of water and shocked himself by touching the wire on the inside of the jar while holding the jar on the outside. He said that the shock was no ordinary shock and his body shook violently as though he had been hit by lightning. The energy from the jar that passed through his body was probably around 1 J, and his jar probably had a capacitance of about 1 nF. a. Estimate the charge that passed through Musschenbroeks body. b. What was the potential difference between the inside and outside of the Leyden jar before Musschenbroek discharged it?
Why is ii possible for a bird to sit on a high-voltage wire without being electrocuted?