How are proteins normally transported into a plant cell’s chloroplast, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)? A. they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles B. they can pass freely through large pores in the inner chloroplast membrane C. they are secreted by the Golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes D. they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores E. they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperones
Structure and Composition of Cell Membrane
Despite differences in structure and function, all living cells in multicellular organisms are surrounded by a cell membrane. Just like the outer layer of the skin separates the body from its environment similarly, the cell membrane, also known as 'plasma membrane,' separates the inner content from its exterior environment.
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is known by different names like plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, or biological membrane. The term "cell membrane" was first introduced by C. Nageli and C. Cramer in the year 1855. Later on, in 1931, the term "plasmalemma" for cell membrane was given by J. Plowe. The cell membrane separates the cell's internal environment from the extracellular space. This separation allows the protection of cells from their environment.
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
The cell is defined as the basic structural and functional unit of life. The cell membrane bounds it. It is capable of independent existence.
How are proteins normally transported into a plant cell’s chloroplast, if they were originally synthesized on ribosomes present in the cytosol (not on the rough endoplasmic reticulum)?
A. they are packaged into vesicles with v-SNARES for fusion with their target organelles
B. they can pass freely through large pores in the inner chloroplast membrane
C. they are secreted by the Golgi, captured by receptors, and absorbed by endosomes
D. they must pass through the nuclear envelope by means of nuclear pores
E. they are unfolded in the translocation channel, then refolded by chaperones
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