Hot source Figure 1. No engine which can completely convert heat to work exists since this is a violation of the Flow of Heat Second Law of Thermodynamics. (Graphics taken from Atkins and de Paula. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 8th ed.) energy Engine Work To do: Define entropy to the best of your understanding. You may use diagrams and symbols to help you visualize the concept.

Hot source Figure 1. No engine which can completely convert heat to work exists since this is a violation of the Flow of Heat Second Law of Thermodynamics. (Graphics taken from Atkins and de Paula. Atkins' Physical Chemistry, 8th ed.) energy Engine Work To do: Define entropy to the best of your understanding. You may use diagrams and symbols to help you visualize the concept.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Which statement DOES NOT describe the entropy of a system in its molecular state? Entropy changes for a reversible process Entropy decreases for individual systems Entropy increases for spontaneous processes The less rigid the structure, the more entropy a system can have.
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An endothermic reaction that has a negative entropy change would be described as what? Spontaneous Nonspontaneous at equilibrium Reversible Irreversible
For each of the following changes, do you expect the entropy to increase or decrease? (These questions do not require calculations.) a. Ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas react to deposit solid ammonium chloride on a surface b. Two aqueous solutions are combined to form a precipitate c. Methanol gas condenses to form liquid methanol d. Butane liquid reacts with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide gas and gaseous water e. Liquid water freezes to form ice f. Solid lead melts g. A solid solute dissolves in a liquid solvent h. Liquid water boils Possible answers: 1. Entropy should increase (more positive) 2. Entropy should decrease (more negative) 3. The change in entropy cannot be determined from the information given
How does the entropy of the surroundings change duringan exothermic reaction? An endothermic reaction? Other thanthe examples in text, describe a spontaneous endothermic process
Consider entropy and its role in determining if chemical and physical processes are spontaneous. For any process to be spontaneous, what must happen to the entropy of the universe during that process? Acetone will spontaneously vaporize when coming in contact with your skin even though acetone has a much higher boiling point. Explain how this occurs in light of your answer to part (a).
Read the descriptions of physical or chemical changes in the table below. Then decide whether the change will be spontaneous, if you can. Change During an endothermic chemical reaction, four moles of gaseous reactants are turned into two moles of gaseous products. A solid precipitates from a solution, releasing heat as it does so. A solid absorbs heat and turns to a gas. Is this change spontaneous? Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given. O Yes. O No. O Can't decide with information given.
Compare what will happen to the entropy of the whole system in the following two scenarios: A) if the oil molecules are all clumped together and the clump is surrounded by water and B) if the oil molecules are spread out evenly throughout the water, each individual oil molecule surrounded by water?
In biology the equilibrium equations that keep living organisms alive are called homeostasis. How does thermodynamics and entropy in particular effect this process and life in general?
What of the following options describes the term "entropy, S"? O a. If a process or reaction is carried out in multiple steps, the sum of the enthalpy changes for these steps is the same as the enthalpy change if the entire reaction was carried out in a single step. O b. An indication that a process is capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. O c. A thermodynamic function which measures the dispersal of energy amongst the particles in a substance. O d. The substances or material being studied in an experiment. For a chemical reaction, the system is all of the atoms in the substances undergoing the reaction. O e. Everything outside of the system.