Subnetting classless need help understanding **IP Address and Subnet Calculations****Host IP Address:** 192.64.34.193**Major Network Mask:** 255.255.255.224- **Major (Base) Network Address:** - **Major Network Broadcast Address:** - **Total Number of Host Bits:** - **Number of Hosts:** **Subnet Mask:** 255.255.255.252- **Number of Subnet Bits:** - **Number of Host Bits:** - **Number of Useable Hosts per Subnet:** - **Subnet Address for this IP Address:** - **IP Address for the 1st Host on this Subnet:** - **IP Address for the Last Host on this Subnet:** - **Broadcast Address for this Subnet:** This table outlines the parameters for calculating the network and subnet details based on given IP and subnet masks. The calculations typically involve determining network and broadcast addresses, host bits, and the number of usable hosts.

Introduction: To understand Subnetting and Classless addressing, there has to be a basic understanding of Network and their concepts. Network address - It shows what kind of network used on internet. Using this, we can find the addresses range in the network. Network address may consists of : Host Identity and Network identity Eg: 172.16.254.1 Mask - It is a 32 bit binary number that gives the network address in the address block when AND operation is bitwise applied on the mask and any IP address of the block. There are different classes in default Mask: Class A: 255.0.0.0 Class B: 255.255.0.0 Class C: 255.255.255.0 We will find Class based on the range of the network. Subnetting: Dividing a large block of addresses into sub blocks like a big task is divided into smaller tasks, and assigning these sub blocks to different networks is called Subnetting. Benefits of Subnetting: Reduces network traffic Conservation of IP addresses Simplifies the network and can easily manageClassless Addressing: To reduce the wastage of IP addresses in a block, we use subnetting. We give the IP address and define the number of bits for mask along with it. Eg: 192.168.1.1/28 Here, subnet mask can be found by putting the given number of bits out of 32 as 1, like, in the given address, we need to put 28 out of 32 bits as 1 and the rest as 0. The final subnet mask would be like : 255.255.255.240 Eg: Let us take a IPV4 address : 167.199.170.82/27 and from the given address, we will calculate the number of addresses in the given network, the first address and last address of the network. The number of addresses can be calculated using the formula: N= 2^32-n => 2^32-27 =2^5 = 32 So, there are 32 addresses in the given network block and it can be assigned to 32 hosts in the network. So, we conclude that the given address 167.199.170.82 is from the block whose first address is 167.199.170.64 and the last address is 167.199.170.95 and the number of hosts in the network is 32.