States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
![**Question:**
What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?
**Diagram Explanation:**
The compound presented is shown with a structural formula:
- There are two carbon atoms in the main chain.
- Each carbon atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one hydroxyl group (OH).
- Both carbon atoms have double-bonded oxygen atoms (O=C) as well.
The structure indicates a carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group on each carbon atom.
**Answer Box:**
[___________________________________]
For educational purposes, this compound is known as "Oxalic acid." Its IUPAC name is Ethanedioic acid.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1218354a-545e-4883-80e6-d6be3100929c%2F27d50d03-d80b-404e-871d-da0d17011219%2Fq1ybdpl_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![**Complete the following reaction by writing the name of the product.**
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{C(=O)CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \; + \; \text{H}_2 \; \xrightarrow{\text{Ni or Pt}} \; ? \]
[Text Box for Answer]
**Explanation:**
This reaction features a ketone group (\( \text{C}(=O) \)) reduced by hydrogen (\( \text{H}_2 \)) in the presence of a nickel (Ni) or platinum (Pt) catalyst. It is an example of catalytic hydrogenation, which typically converts the carbonyl group (\( \text{C=O} \)) into an alcohol group (\( \text{CH(OH)} \)).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1218354a-545e-4883-80e6-d6be3100929c%2F27d50d03-d80b-404e-871d-da0d17011219%2Fxy2vge_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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