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HO H ملكه (xs.) NaOCH3, CH3OH PhCH₂OH, p-TSA toluene, reflux

HO H ملكه (xs.) NaOCH3, CH3OH PhCH₂OH, p-TSA toluene, reflux

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Reaction Scheme Explanation The diagram illustrates a two-step chemical reaction process involving different reactants, solvents, and conditions. #### Reaction 1: 1. **Reactants:** - **Cyclohexanone**: A six-membered ring ketone. - **Diethyl malonate (excess)**: Contains two ester groups connected by a methylene bridge. 2. **Conditions:** - **Sodium methoxide (NaOCH₃)**: Used as a base. - **Methanol (CH₃OH)**: Used as solvent. This step likely involves a nucleophilic addition or condensation reaction, where the base can deprotonate a methylene group, facilitating nucleophilic attack or enolate formation, coupling with diethyl malonate. #### Reaction 2: 1. **Reactants:** - **4-Hydroxybutanal (HO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CHO)**: Four-carbon chain with hydroxyl and aldehyde groups. 2. **Other Reagents and Conditions:** - **Benzyl alcohol (PhCH₂OH)**: A source for etherification or esterification. - **p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA)**: A strong organic acid that serves as a catalyst. - **Toluene, reflux**: The reaction occurs under heating in toluene to facilitate the process. The second step involves heating in toluene under reflux with an acid catalyst, likely promoting acetal or ether formation between benzyl alcohol and the aldehyde group of 4-hydroxybutanal. ### Diagram Details - **Structures**: Each structure is based on the typical line-angle drawing method, showing the specific functional groups and molecular connectivity. - **Arrows**: Indicate the transformation from reactants to products, with the reaction conditions listed above or below the arrows. - **Excess**: The term "(xs.)" denotes excess, suggesting a large amount of diethyl malonate to drive the reaction to completion in Reaction 1. This scheme is typical of organic synthesis, illustrating key reactants, reagents, and the conditions necessary for a successful transformation.
Transcribed Image Text:### Reaction Scheme Explanation The diagram illustrates a two-step chemical reaction process involving different reactants, solvents, and conditions. #### Reaction 1: 1. **Reactants:** - **Cyclohexanone**: A six-membered ring ketone. - **Diethyl malonate (excess)**: Contains two ester groups connected by a methylene bridge. 2. **Conditions:** - **Sodium methoxide (NaOCH₃)**: Used as a base. - **Methanol (CH₃OH)**: Used as solvent. This step likely involves a nucleophilic addition or condensation reaction, where the base can deprotonate a methylene group, facilitating nucleophilic attack or enolate formation, coupling with diethyl malonate. #### Reaction 2: 1. **Reactants:** - **4-Hydroxybutanal (HO-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CHO)**: Four-carbon chain with hydroxyl and aldehyde groups. 2. **Other Reagents and Conditions:** - **Benzyl alcohol (PhCH₂OH)**: A source for etherification or esterification. - **p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA)**: A strong organic acid that serves as a catalyst. - **Toluene, reflux**: The reaction occurs under heating in toluene to facilitate the process. The second step involves heating in toluene under reflux with an acid catalyst, likely promoting acetal or ether formation between benzyl alcohol and the aldehyde group of 4-hydroxybutanal. ### Diagram Details - **Structures**: Each structure is based on the typical line-angle drawing method, showing the specific functional groups and molecular connectivity. - **Arrows**: Indicate the transformation from reactants to products, with the reaction conditions listed above or below the arrows. - **Excess**: The term "(xs.)" denotes excess, suggesting a large amount of diethyl malonate to drive the reaction to completion in Reaction 1. This scheme is typical of organic synthesis, illustrating key reactants, reagents, and the conditions necessary for a successful transformation.
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