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hich molecule OHO(CH₂)3CH3 O HOCH₂CH3 HOCH-CH₂CH₂

hich molecule OHO(CH₂)3CH3 O HOCH₂CH3 HOCH-CH₂CH₂

Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
5th Edition
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Chapter10: Fuels, Organic Chemicals, And Polymers
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 119QRT
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### Understanding Solubility in Water #### Question: Which molecule would be most soluble in water? #### Answer Choices: 1. \( \text{HO(CH}_2\text{)}_3\text{CH}_3 \) 2. \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) 3. \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) 4. \( \text{CH}_3\text{(CH}_2\text{)}_4\text{OH} \) #### Key Points to Consider: - **Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding:** Molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with water are generally more soluble. - **Hydrocarbon Chain Length:** Longer non-polar hydrocarbon chains decrease solubility in water due to hydrophobic interactions. #### Analysis: 1. **HO(CH\(_2\)_3CH\(_3\))**: This molecule has a relatively long hydrocarbon chain, which makes it less polar and therefore less soluble in water. 2. **HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)**: This molecule has a shorter hydrocarbon chain and an -OH group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water, making it more soluble. 3. **HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)**: This molecule has a moderately long hydrocarbon chain and one -OH group. It is expected to be less soluble than HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\) but more soluble than HO(CH\(_2\)_3CH\(_3\)). 4. **CH\(_3\)(CH\(_2\)_4OH)**: This molecule has a longer hydrocarbon chain with an -OH group at the end, contributing to lower solubility compared to HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\). #### Conclusion: Considering the balance between the hydrocarbon chain length and the presence of a functional group capable of hydrogen bonding, the molecule \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) is the most soluble in water. This is due to its shorter hydrocarbon chain and its ability to form hydrogen bonds, making it the best choice in terms of water solubility. For a complete understanding, consider studying the principles of polarity, hydrogen bonding, and the effect of non-polar
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding Solubility in Water #### Question: Which molecule would be most soluble in water? #### Answer Choices: 1. \( \text{HO(CH}_2\text{)}_3\text{CH}_3 \) 2. \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) 3. \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) 4. \( \text{CH}_3\text{(CH}_2\text{)}_4\text{OH} \) #### Key Points to Consider: - **Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding:** Molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with water are generally more soluble. - **Hydrocarbon Chain Length:** Longer non-polar hydrocarbon chains decrease solubility in water due to hydrophobic interactions. #### Analysis: 1. **HO(CH\(_2\)_3CH\(_3\))**: This molecule has a relatively long hydrocarbon chain, which makes it less polar and therefore less soluble in water. 2. **HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)**: This molecule has a shorter hydrocarbon chain and an -OH group, which can form hydrogen bonds with water, making it more soluble. 3. **HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_2\)CH\(_3\)**: This molecule has a moderately long hydrocarbon chain and one -OH group. It is expected to be less soluble than HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\) but more soluble than HO(CH\(_2\)_3CH\(_3\)). 4. **CH\(_3\)(CH\(_2\)_4OH)**: This molecule has a longer hydrocarbon chain with an -OH group at the end, contributing to lower solubility compared to HOCH\(_2\)CH\(_3\). #### Conclusion: Considering the balance between the hydrocarbon chain length and the presence of a functional group capable of hydrogen bonding, the molecule \( \text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 \) is the most soluble in water. This is due to its shorter hydrocarbon chain and its ability to form hydrogen bonds, making it the best choice in terms of water solubility. For a complete understanding, consider studying the principles of polarity, hydrogen bonding, and the effect of non-polar
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