he structure based on what you have studied in your high school chemistry. 1. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Carbocations +H CH2 Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3 2. Effect of pi systems Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 1 Structure 2 3. Effect of Electron-donating groups но Structure 1 Structure 2 NH2 Structure 1 Structure 2 Question for Part D: 1. Which of these molecules have greater carbocation stability? Provide an explanation for your choices Numbers 1, 2 and 3. 2. What is the role of electron-donating groups to the stability of carbocations? 3. Do electron-withdrawing groups lead to the same effect in stabilizing carbocations? Why? 4. Provide at least two types of chemical reactions in organic chemistry where carbocation intermediates a involved in. Explain the role of carbocation stability in these reactions.
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
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