Homework Help is Here – Start Your Trial Now!
Math
Statistics
he reference group is middle gait speed. The authors give the CI for the odds ratio for fast gait speed as (0.12, 165.56). Although this interval contains 1, the authors conclude that "persons with fast gait speed also appeared to have an elevated risk of serious injury."

he reference group is middle gait speed. The authors give the CI for the odds ratio for fast gait speed as (0.12, 165.56). Although this interval contains 1, the authors conclude that "persons with fast gait speed also appeared to have an elevated risk of serious injury."

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
See similar textbooks
icon
Related questions
Question

The reference group is middle gait speed. The authors give the CI for the odds ratio for fast gait speed as (0.12, 165.56). Although this interval contains 1, the authors conclude that "persons with fast gait speed also appeared to have an elevated risk of serious injury." Why do you think the authors came to this conclusion?

TABLE 2-Rate Ratios for Falls During 4 Categories of Activity by Baseline Characteristics and Location of Fall: MOBILIZE Boston, September 2005-December 2009 Indoor Falls Outdoor Falls Transitioning/Not Moving, R (95% CI) Ascending or Descending Stairs, RR (95% CI) Walking, AR (95% CI) Vigorous Activity, RR (95% CI) Transitioning/Not Moving, RR (95% CI) Ascending or Descending Stairs, RR (95% C) Walking, RR (95% CI) Vigorous Activity, RR (95% CI) Baseline Characteristics Age, per 5 y 1.27 (1.09, 1.48) 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) 1.13 (0.96, 1.31) 1.37 (0.99, 1.88) 1.28 (0.94, 1.73) 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) 0.54 (0.37, 0.79) Female 1.15 (0.79, 1.68) 0.69 (0.45, 1.06) 1.17 (0.83, 1.67) 1.88 (0.76, 4.63) 0.63 (0.33, 1.21) 0.93 (0.59, 1.47) 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) 0.39 (0.19, 0.82) Falls in year before baseline, no. 1.26 (1.12, 1.41) 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) 1.38 (1.24, 1.53) 1.35 (1.04, 1.77) 1.18 (0.95, 1.46) 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) 1.53 (1.17, 2.00) Body mass inder, kg/m? < 25.0 25.0-29.9 (Ref) 1.04 (0.68, 1.61) 0.86 (0.54, 1.38) 1.01 (0.68, 1.51) 0.89 (0.36, 2.21) 1.48 (0.69, 3.16) 1.07 (0.64, 1.79) 1.10 (0.79, 1.52) 0.94 (0.42, 2.13) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2 30.0 1.35 (0.87, 2.08) 0.46 (0.25, 0.82) 1.33 (0.88, 1.99) 0.72 (0.26, 1.98) 1.17 (0.50, 2.72) 1.00 (0.58, 1.74) 0.46 (0.31, 0.70) 0.32 (0.12, 0.87) Berg Balance Scale score 251.0 (Rel) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 48.0-50.9 1.19 (0.77, 1.85) 1.23 (0.76, 1.99) 2.76 (1.88, 4.04) 0.49 (0.16, 1.49) 1.10 (0.50, 2.42) 1.28 (0.78, 2.11) 1.52 (1.09, 2.12) 0.58 (0.24, 1.39) < 48.0 3.18 (2.14, 4.74) 0.71 (0.40, 1.29) 3.40 (2.30, 5.03) 1.47 (0.59, 3.64) 1.19 (0.53, 2.70) 0.93 (0.51, 1.68) 0.66 (0.43, 0.99) 0.21 (0.07, 0.61) Unable to stand from a chair 2.08 (1.14, 3.78) 0.20 (0.05, 0.88) 1.97 (1.11, 3.48) 1.32 (0.31, 5.63) 0.62 (0.13, 2.93) 0.36 (0.11, 1.23) 0.45 (0.22, 0.90) 0.47 (0.10, 2.25) without using arms Gait speed, m/sec Slow (< 0.60) 2.44 (1.45, 4.12) 0.25 (0.07, 0.84) 1.95 (1.15, 3.29) 0.72 (0.14, 3.64) 2.05 (0.77, 5.42) 0.74 (0.31, 1.76) 0.39 (0.20, 0.77) 0.59 (0.15, 2.35) Middle (0.60-1.29; Ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Fast (21.30) 0.89 (0.46, 1.72) 0.81 (0.41, 1.63) 1.77 (0.93, 3.38) 0.52 (0.20, 1.34) 0.81 (0.44, 1.51) 0.92 (0.50, 1.70) 1.53 (0.76, 3.09) 0.74 (0.31, 1.78) 2.83 (1.84, 4.33) 1.00 (0.59, 1.69) 2.18 (0.67, 7.09) 2.25 (0.87, 5.80) 7.36 (2.54, 21.28) Vision worse than 40/100 0.34 (0.04, 2.94) 0.74 (0.20, 2.72) 0.39 (0.08, 1.80) Some difficulty with or inability 2.66 (1.83, 3.86) 1.09 (0.66, 1.80) 1.90 (1.30, 2.77) 1.52 (0.61, 3.75) 1.70 (0.83, 3.51) 0.82 (0.47, 1.44) 0.75 (0.51, 1.09) 0.28 (0.10, 0.79) to perform ADLS Comorbidities, no. 1.29 (1.15, 1.44) 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) 1.15 (1.04, 1.28) 1.21 (0.95, 1.53) 1.32 (1.09, 1.59) 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) >4 medications 1.76 (1.17, 2.66) 0.78 (0.50, 1.22) 1.12 (0.67, 1.87) 1.40 (0.97, 2.02) 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) 1.04 (0.51, 2.14) 0.56 (0.36, 0.87) 0.61 (0.45, 0.83) 0.41 (0.19, 0.86) Psychotropic medication Falls Efficacy Scale score < 90° 2.09 (1.40, 3.13) 1.67 (1.14, 2.46) 1.36 (0.55, 3.36) 1.31 (0.61, 2.84) 0.96 (0.56, 1.67) 1.11 (0.78, 1.60) 0.55 (0.21, 1.44) 0.12 (0.02, 0.64) 2.42 (1.55, 3.78) 0.95 (0.51, 1.77) 0.89 (0.45, 1.77) 1.85 (1.19, 2.90) 1.09 (0.35, 3.45) 2.37 (1.06, 5.31) 0.94 (0.49, 1.80) 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) Impaired cognition, MMSE 1.25 (0.73, 2.13) 1.13 (0.67, 1.90) 0.21 (0.03, 1.76) 0.91 (0.31, 2.61) 0.62 (0.28, 1.39) 0.67 (0.41, 1.12) 0.26 (0.06, 1.06) score 18-24 Fair/poor self-rated health 2.21 (1.40, 3.48) 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) 1.88 (1.21, 2.92) 1.57 (0.56, 4.44) 1.61 (0.68, 3.83) 0.88 (0.45, 1.71) 0.80 (0.51, 1.26) 0.12 (0.02, 0.62) Physical activity, PASE score < 55° 1.98 (1.35, 2.91) 0.89 (0.53, 1.49) 1.82 (1.25, 2.64) 1.47 (0.61, 3.52) 1.98 (1.00, 3.93) 0.81 (0.47, 1.40) 0.54 (0.36, 0.79) 0.32 (0.12, 0.84) Note. ADL - activities of daily living Cl = confidence interval; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examç PACE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; RR = rate ratio. Results are from binomial regression models with number of falls per year as the outcome. *Possible score, 0-56. "Possible score, 10-100. "Possible score,0-30; score of 18-24 indicates impaired cognition. "Possible score, 0-361; < 55 is lowest quartile.
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 2-Rate Ratios for Falls During 4 Categories of Activity by Baseline Characteristics and Location of Fall: MOBILIZE Boston, September 2005-December 2009 Indoor Falls Outdoor Falls Transitioning/Not Moving, R (95% CI) Ascending or Descending Stairs, RR (95% CI) Walking, AR (95% CI) Vigorous Activity, RR (95% CI) Transitioning/Not Moving, RR (95% CI) Ascending or Descending Stairs, RR (95% C) Walking, RR (95% CI) Vigorous Activity, RR (95% CI) Baseline Characteristics Age, per 5 y 1.27 (1.09, 1.48) 0.82 (0.67, 0.99) 1.13 (0.96, 1.31) 1.37 (0.99, 1.88) 1.28 (0.94, 1.73) 0.96 (0.79, 1.17) 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) 0.54 (0.37, 0.79) Female 1.15 (0.79, 1.68) 0.69 (0.45, 1.06) 1.17 (0.83, 1.67) 1.88 (0.76, 4.63) 0.63 (0.33, 1.21) 0.93 (0.59, 1.47) 0.84 (0.62, 1.14) 0.39 (0.19, 0.82) Falls in year before baseline, no. 1.26 (1.12, 1.41) 1.10 (1.02, 1.19) 1.38 (1.24, 1.53) 1.35 (1.04, 1.77) 1.18 (0.95, 1.46) 1.07 (0.96, 1.20) 1.23 (1.10, 1.38) 1.53 (1.17, 2.00) Body mass inder, kg/m? < 25.0 25.0-29.9 (Ref) 1.04 (0.68, 1.61) 0.86 (0.54, 1.38) 1.01 (0.68, 1.51) 0.89 (0.36, 2.21) 1.48 (0.69, 3.16) 1.07 (0.64, 1.79) 1.10 (0.79, 1.52) 0.94 (0.42, 2.13) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2 30.0 1.35 (0.87, 2.08) 0.46 (0.25, 0.82) 1.33 (0.88, 1.99) 0.72 (0.26, 1.98) 1.17 (0.50, 2.72) 1.00 (0.58, 1.74) 0.46 (0.31, 0.70) 0.32 (0.12, 0.87) Berg Balance Scale score 251.0 (Rel) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 48.0-50.9 1.19 (0.77, 1.85) 1.23 (0.76, 1.99) 2.76 (1.88, 4.04) 0.49 (0.16, 1.49) 1.10 (0.50, 2.42) 1.28 (0.78, 2.11) 1.52 (1.09, 2.12) 0.58 (0.24, 1.39) < 48.0 3.18 (2.14, 4.74) 0.71 (0.40, 1.29) 3.40 (2.30, 5.03) 1.47 (0.59, 3.64) 1.19 (0.53, 2.70) 0.93 (0.51, 1.68) 0.66 (0.43, 0.99) 0.21 (0.07, 0.61) Unable to stand from a chair 2.08 (1.14, 3.78) 0.20 (0.05, 0.88) 1.97 (1.11, 3.48) 1.32 (0.31, 5.63) 0.62 (0.13, 2.93) 0.36 (0.11, 1.23) 0.45 (0.22, 0.90) 0.47 (0.10, 2.25) without using arms Gait speed, m/sec Slow (< 0.60) 2.44 (1.45, 4.12) 0.25 (0.07, 0.84) 1.95 (1.15, 3.29) 0.72 (0.14, 3.64) 2.05 (0.77, 5.42) 0.74 (0.31, 1.76) 0.39 (0.20, 0.77) 0.59 (0.15, 2.35) Middle (0.60-1.29; Ref) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Fast (21.30) 0.89 (0.46, 1.72) 0.81 (0.41, 1.63) 1.77 (0.93, 3.38) 0.52 (0.20, 1.34) 0.81 (0.44, 1.51) 0.92 (0.50, 1.70) 1.53 (0.76, 3.09) 0.74 (0.31, 1.78) 2.83 (1.84, 4.33) 1.00 (0.59, 1.69) 2.18 (0.67, 7.09) 2.25 (0.87, 5.80) 7.36 (2.54, 21.28) Vision worse than 40/100 0.34 (0.04, 2.94) 0.74 (0.20, 2.72) 0.39 (0.08, 1.80) Some difficulty with or inability 2.66 (1.83, 3.86) 1.09 (0.66, 1.80) 1.90 (1.30, 2.77) 1.52 (0.61, 3.75) 1.70 (0.83, 3.51) 0.82 (0.47, 1.44) 0.75 (0.51, 1.09) 0.28 (0.10, 0.79) to perform ADLS Comorbidities, no. 1.29 (1.15, 1.44) 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) 1.15 (1.04, 1.28) 1.21 (0.95, 1.53) 1.32 (1.09, 1.59) 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) 0.82 (0.65, 1.04) >4 medications 1.76 (1.17, 2.66) 0.78 (0.50, 1.22) 1.12 (0.67, 1.87) 1.40 (0.97, 2.02) 0.58 (0.26, 1.30) 1.04 (0.51, 2.14) 0.56 (0.36, 0.87) 0.61 (0.45, 0.83) 0.41 (0.19, 0.86) Psychotropic medication Falls Efficacy Scale score < 90° 2.09 (1.40, 3.13) 1.67 (1.14, 2.46) 1.36 (0.55, 3.36) 1.31 (0.61, 2.84) 0.96 (0.56, 1.67) 1.11 (0.78, 1.60) 0.55 (0.21, 1.44) 0.12 (0.02, 0.64) 2.42 (1.55, 3.78) 0.95 (0.51, 1.77) 0.89 (0.45, 1.77) 1.85 (1.19, 2.90) 1.09 (0.35, 3.45) 2.37 (1.06, 5.31) 0.94 (0.49, 1.80) 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) Impaired cognition, MMSE 1.25 (0.73, 2.13) 1.13 (0.67, 1.90) 0.21 (0.03, 1.76) 0.91 (0.31, 2.61) 0.62 (0.28, 1.39) 0.67 (0.41, 1.12) 0.26 (0.06, 1.06) score 18-24 Fair/poor self-rated health 2.21 (1.40, 3.48) 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) 1.88 (1.21, 2.92) 1.57 (0.56, 4.44) 1.61 (0.68, 3.83) 0.88 (0.45, 1.71) 0.80 (0.51, 1.26) 0.12 (0.02, 0.62) Physical activity, PASE score < 55° 1.98 (1.35, 2.91) 0.89 (0.53, 1.49) 1.82 (1.25, 2.64) 1.47 (0.61, 3.52) 1.98 (1.00, 3.93) 0.81 (0.47, 1.40) 0.54 (0.36, 0.79) 0.32 (0.12, 0.84) Note. ADL - activities of daily living Cl = confidence interval; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examç PACE = Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; RR = rate ratio. Results are from binomial regression models with number of falls per year as the outcome. *Possible score, 0-56. "Possible score, 10-100. "Possible score,0-30; score of 18-24 indicates impaired cognition. "Possible score, 0-361; < 55 is lowest quartile.
Expert Solution
steps

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTIONCheck out a sample Q&A here
Blurred answer
Knowledge Booster
Risk Estimation
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
  • SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:
9781119256830
Author:
Amos Gilat
Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305251809
Author:
Jay L. Devore
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C…
Statistics
ISBN:
9781305504912
Author:
Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E…
Statistics
ISBN:
9780134683416
Author:
Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:
PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319042578
Author:
David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:
9781319013387
Author:
David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:
W. H. Freeman
SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS