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H H H NaOEt, EtOH EtO DEt NaOEt, E1OH NC CN NaOEt, ETOH

H H H NaOEt, EtOH EtO DEt NaOEt, E1OH NC CN NaOEt, ETOH

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Give the products of the reaction and name which kind of condensation reaction is involved.

The image shows three separate chemical reactions, each involving different starting materials and utilizing sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH) as the reagents. Below is a detailed description for each reaction: 1. **First Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - A compound containing a benzene ring attached to a three-carbon chain with an aldehyde group (phenylpropanal). - **Reagents**: - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction likely involves an aldol condensation, where the aldehyde reacts with formaldehyde. 2. **Second Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - Cyclohexanone, a six-membered ring with a ketone group. - **Reagents**: - Diethyl oxalate (a diester compound) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction might involve a Claisen condensation, where the diester reacts with the cyclohexanone to form β-keto ester. 3. **Third Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - An unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group (possibly acrolein). - **Reagents**: - Malononitrile (NC-CH2-CN) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction could involve a Michael addition followed by a Knoevenagel condensation, where the malononitrile adds to the unsaturated carbonyl compound. **Notes**: - Each reaction diagram includes starting materials on the left, reagents above the arrows, and the reaction arrow pointing to the right, indicating the transformation. - These reactions are typical of organic chemistry involving carbonyl compounds, demonstrating nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions important for synthesizing complex molecules.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows three separate chemical reactions, each involving different starting materials and utilizing sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH) as the reagents. Below is a detailed description for each reaction: 1. **First Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - A compound containing a benzene ring attached to a three-carbon chain with an aldehyde group (phenylpropanal). - **Reagents**: - Formaldehyde (HCHO) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction likely involves an aldol condensation, where the aldehyde reacts with formaldehyde. 2. **Second Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - Cyclohexanone, a six-membered ring with a ketone group. - **Reagents**: - Diethyl oxalate (a diester compound) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction might involve a Claisen condensation, where the diester reacts with the cyclohexanone to form β-keto ester. 3. **Third Reaction**: - **Starting Material**: - An unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group (possibly acrolein). - **Reagents**: - Malononitrile (NC-CH2-CN) - Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH). - **Reaction Type**: - This reaction could involve a Michael addition followed by a Knoevenagel condensation, where the malononitrile adds to the unsaturated carbonyl compound. **Notes**: - Each reaction diagram includes starting materials on the left, reagents above the arrows, and the reaction arrow pointing to the right, indicating the transformation. - These reactions are typical of organic chemistry involving carbonyl compounds, demonstrating nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions important for synthesizing complex molecules.
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