Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Give the products of the reaction and name which kind of condensation reaction is involved.
Transcribed Image Text:The image shows three separate chemical reactions, each involving different starting materials and utilizing sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH) as the reagents. Below is a detailed description for each reaction:
1. **First Reaction**:
- **Starting Material**:
- A compound containing a benzene ring attached to a three-carbon chain with an aldehyde group (phenylpropanal).
- **Reagents**:
- Formaldehyde (HCHO)
- Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH).
- **Reaction Type**:
- This reaction likely involves an aldol condensation, where the aldehyde reacts with formaldehyde.
2. **Second Reaction**:
- **Starting Material**:
- Cyclohexanone, a six-membered ring with a ketone group.
- **Reagents**:
- Diethyl oxalate (a diester compound)
- Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH).
- **Reaction Type**:
- This reaction might involve a Claisen condensation, where the diester reacts with the cyclohexanone to form β-keto ester.
3. **Third Reaction**:
- **Starting Material**:
- An unsaturated aldehyde or ketone with an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group (possibly acrolein).
- **Reagents**:
- Malononitrile (NC-CH2-CN)
- Sodium ethoxide (NaOEt) in ethanol (EtOH).
- **Reaction Type**:
- This reaction could involve a Michael addition followed by a Knoevenagel condensation, where the malononitrile adds to the unsaturated carbonyl compound.
**Notes**:
- Each reaction diagram includes starting materials on the left, reagents above the arrows, and the reaction arrow pointing to the right, indicating the transformation.
- These reactions are typical of organic chemistry involving carbonyl compounds, demonstrating nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions important for synthesizing complex molecules.
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