Given lines AB, BC, and CD, a reversed curve is to connect these three lines thus forming the centerline of the new road. If the degree of curvature for the first curve is 4°, compute the: a. Elements of the first curve b. Elements of the second curve c. Stationing of P.C., P.R.C., and P.T. if station of C is at 25 + 010.69m A LINE AB BC CD DISTANCE 57.60 m 91.50 m 109.20 m B BEARING DUE EAST N 68° E S 68⁰ E 25+010.69m

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Fluid Materials

In general terms, anything that flows can be termed as a fluid. In other words, a fluid is any substance that cannot resist shear forces and deforms continuously under the application of external shear forces. Fluid materials differ completely from solid materials such as metals and alloys. For instance, if we consider two infinitesimally small cross-sectional areas of fluid materials and solid materials, and apply shear forces to these elements, both the elements will undergo deformation. Upon releasing the shear force, the element of the solid materials will regain its original orientation, but the element of the fluid materials will keep on deforming continuously under the action of the shear force.