### Organic Reactions Transcription#### Reaction Pathways and Major Products**a) Reaction Steps**1. Starting material: A terminal alkyne2. **H₂, Lindlar** - Converts the alkyne to a cis-alkene (Product A)3. **HBr** - Addition of HBr to the alkene yields a bromoalkane (Product B)4. **NaCN** - Substitution reaction with NaCN to form a nitrile (Product C)5. **HCl/H₂O** - Hydrolysis of the nitrile to form a carboxylic acid (Product D)6. **SOCl₂** - Conversion of the carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride (Product E)**b) Reaction Mechanisms**1. **Starting material: Benzene carboxylic acid** - **CH₃CH₂OH, H₃O⁺** - Forms an ester (Product A) - From A: - **1. 2 eq CH₃CH₂MgBr, 2. H₃O⁺** - Formation of a secondary alcohol (Product B) - **LDA** - Forms an enolate ion (Product C)2. **1. NaOH, Δ, 2. H⁺** - Converts the starting acid or derivative back (Product D)**c) Sequential Reactions**1. **Starting material: An alkene**2. **1. BH₃/THF, 2. H₂O₂, OH⁻, H₂O** - Hydroboration-oxidation to yield an alcohol (Product A)3. **HBr** - Converts the alcohol to a bromoalkane (Product B)4. **Mg, Et₂O** - Forms a Grignard reagent (Product C)5. **1. Carbonyl compound, 2. H₃O⁺** - Reaction with a carbonyl to form an alcohol (Product D)These pathways illustrate common transformations in organic synthesis, including reduction, nucleophilic substitution, esterification, Grignard formations, and hydroboration, enhancing understanding of functional group interconversions.

We have to major organic products for each of the following given reactions as follows in step 2:

Give the major organic product(s) for each step of the following reactions: H2 NaCN В HCI/H2O SOCI2 HBr A E a) Lindlar 1. NaOH, Д > D 2. H* CH3CH2OH 1, 2 eq CH3CH2MgBr A 2. H30* В H30* LDA b) 1. ВНз/THF HBr A Mg 1. > C В Et,0 D 2. H2О2, ОН", Н20 2. H30*

Give the major organic product(s) for each step of the following reactions: H2 NaCN В HCI/H2O SOCI2 HBr A E a) Lindlar 1. NaOH, Д > D 2. H* CH3CH2OH 1, 2 eq CH3CH2MgBr A 2. H30* В H30* LDA b) 1. ВНз/THF HBr A Mg 1. > C В Et,0 D 2. H2О2, ОН", Н20 2. H30*

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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Question

### Organic Reactions Transcription

#### Reaction Pathways and Major Products

**a) Reaction Steps**
1. Starting material: A terminal alkyne
2. **H₂, Lindlar** - Converts the alkyne to a cis-alkene (Product A)
3. **HBr** - Addition of HBr to the alkene yields a bromoalkane (Product B)
4. **NaCN** - Substitution reaction with NaCN to form a nitrile (Product C)
5. **HCl/H₂O** - Hydrolysis of the nitrile to form a carboxylic acid (Product D)
6. **SOCl₂** - Conversion of the carboxylic acid to an acyl chloride (Product E)

**b) Reaction Mechanisms**
1. **Starting material: Benzene carboxylic acid**
- **CH₃CH₂OH, H₃O⁺** - Forms an ester (Product A)
- From A:
- **1. 2 eq CH₃CH₂MgBr, 2. H₃O⁺** - Formation of a secondary alcohol (Product B)
- **LDA** - Forms an enolate ion (Product C)
2. **1. NaOH, Δ, 2. H⁺** - Converts the starting acid or derivative back (Product D)

**c) Sequential Reactions**
1. **Starting material: An alkene**
2. **1. BH₃/THF, 2. H₂O₂, OH⁻, H₂O** - Hydroboration-oxidation to yield an alcohol (Product A)
3. **HBr** - Converts the alcohol to a bromoalkane (Product B)
4. **Mg, Et₂O** - Forms a Grignard reagent (Product C)
5. **1. Carbonyl compound, 2. H₃O⁺** - Reaction with a carbonyl to form an alcohol (Product D)

These pathways illustrate common transformations in organic synthesis, including reduction, nucleophilic substitution, esterification, Grignard formations, and hydroboration, enhancing understanding of functional group interconversions.

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