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Give the correct names for the types of sugars shown below: a. b. HO- H- HO- HO- HO- H- CHO -C-H CH₂OH CHO -OH O -H H -H -OH CH₂OH

Give the correct names for the types of sugars shown below: a. b. HO- H- HO- HO- HO- H- CHO -C-H CH₂OH CHO -OH O -H H -H -OH CH₂OH

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
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**Question:** Give the correct names for the types of sugars shown below: **Image Description:** **a.** An image showing the structural formula of a sugar molecule with the following configuration: - Aldehyde group (CHO) on the top carbon atom. - Second carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Third carbon atom has a hydrogen atom (H) on the left and a hydroxyl group (OH) on the right. - Bottom carbon atom (fourth) is bonded to a CH₂OH group. **b.** An image showing the structural formula of a sugar molecule with the following configuration: - Aldehyde group (CHO) on the top carbon atom. - Second carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Third carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Fourth carbon atom has a hydrogen atom (H) on the left and a hydroxyl group (OH) on the right. - Bottom carbon atom (fifth) is bonded to a CH₂OH group. **Answer Boxes:** For each structure, there are blank spaces provided for the user to fill in the corresponding names of the sugars. **Purpose:** This exercise helps in understanding and identifying different types of monosaccharides (simple sugars) and their structural formulas. Recognizing the configuration of hydroxyl (OH) groups relative to the carbon chain is crucial for distinguishing between different sugars.
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:** Give the correct names for the types of sugars shown below: **Image Description:** **a.** An image showing the structural formula of a sugar molecule with the following configuration: - Aldehyde group (CHO) on the top carbon atom. - Second carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Third carbon atom has a hydrogen atom (H) on the left and a hydroxyl group (OH) on the right. - Bottom carbon atom (fourth) is bonded to a CH₂OH group. **b.** An image showing the structural formula of a sugar molecule with the following configuration: - Aldehyde group (CHO) on the top carbon atom. - Second carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Third carbon atom has a hydroxyl group (OH) on the left and a hydrogen atom (H) on the right. - Fourth carbon atom has a hydrogen atom (H) on the left and a hydroxyl group (OH) on the right. - Bottom carbon atom (fifth) is bonded to a CH₂OH group. **Answer Boxes:** For each structure, there are blank spaces provided for the user to fill in the corresponding names of the sugars. **Purpose:** This exercise helps in understanding and identifying different types of monosaccharides (simple sugars) and their structural formulas. Recognizing the configuration of hydroxyl (OH) groups relative to the carbon chain is crucial for distinguishing between different sugars.
### Structural Analysis of Carbohydrates #### Figure c. The molecular structure shown in the diagram represents a carbohydrate molecule. This compound contains: - Several hydroxyl (–OH) groups attached to a carbon chain. - An aldehyde functional group (–CHO) at one end of the molecule. - A hydroxymethyl group (–CH2OH) at the opposite end of the molecule. The carbon chain consists of five carbon atoms: 1. The first carbon is part of the hydroxymethyl group. 2. The second carbon is double-bonded to an oxygen atom forming an aldehyde group. 3. The third, fourth, and fifth carbons are part of a straight chain, each bonded to hydroxyl groups. This molecule can be identified as D-Ribose, a monosaccharide or simple sugar. #### Figure d. The molecular structure illustrated in this diagram represents another carbohydrate molecule, similar in some respects to the previous one but having distinctive features: - Presence of multiple hydroxyl (–OH) groups arranged along the carbon chain. - An aldehyde group (–CHO) is present at the end of the carbon chain. - Another hydroxymethyl (–CH2OH) group is attached at the opposite end from the aldehyde. The molecule has five carbon atoms: 1. The first carbon is at the aldehyde group end. 2. The fifth carbon attached to the hydroxymethyl group. 3. The second, third, and fourth carbons each have hydroxyl groups attached. This molecular structure corresponds to D-Glucose, an essential simple sugar that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. --- Both figures are comparative representations of carbohydrates essential in various biological processes. Notably, these differences in structure often lead to differing roles and functions in biochemistry, reflecting the diversity and specificity of molecular forms.
Transcribed Image Text:### Structural Analysis of Carbohydrates #### Figure c. The molecular structure shown in the diagram represents a carbohydrate molecule. This compound contains: - Several hydroxyl (–OH) groups attached to a carbon chain. - An aldehyde functional group (–CHO) at one end of the molecule. - A hydroxymethyl group (–CH2OH) at the opposite end of the molecule. The carbon chain consists of five carbon atoms: 1. The first carbon is part of the hydroxymethyl group. 2. The second carbon is double-bonded to an oxygen atom forming an aldehyde group. 3. The third, fourth, and fifth carbons are part of a straight chain, each bonded to hydroxyl groups. This molecule can be identified as D-Ribose, a monosaccharide or simple sugar. #### Figure d. The molecular structure illustrated in this diagram represents another carbohydrate molecule, similar in some respects to the previous one but having distinctive features: - Presence of multiple hydroxyl (–OH) groups arranged along the carbon chain. - An aldehyde group (–CHO) is present at the end of the carbon chain. - Another hydroxymethyl (–CH2OH) group is attached at the opposite end from the aldehyde. The molecule has five carbon atoms: 1. The first carbon is at the aldehyde group end. 2. The fifth carbon attached to the hydroxymethyl group. 3. The second, third, and fourth carbons each have hydroxyl groups attached. This molecular structure corresponds to D-Glucose, an essential simple sugar that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. --- Both figures are comparative representations of carbohydrates essential in various biological processes. Notably, these differences in structure often lead to differing roles and functions in biochemistry, reflecting the diversity and specificity of molecular forms.
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