Give explanation  select all the statements that pertain to the principal of herd immunity   1) immune individuals will not have the corresponding communicable disease   2)mass immunization confers indirect protection of nonimmunized members   3)encounter with a pathogen is more likely in a largely immunized population   4)herd immunity is only maintained through the occurrence of natural disease   5)low herd immunity means there are greater numbers of susceptible individuals

Q: What is herd Immunity? It's immunological and health related significance?

A: Herd immunity', also known as 'population immunity', is the indirect protection from an infectious…

Q: Describe the role of vaccines in providing herd immunity.

A: Our body has developed a specialized mechanism to fight diseases and disease-causing microbes called…

Q: Vaccines are biological preparations that establishes or improves immunity to a particular disease.…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation that provides acquired immunity. It mainly used to treat…

Q: Provide an example of a passive immunity created artificially. How does the vaccinated person gain…

A: Artificial passive immunity is a form of immunization that involves the administration of pre-formed…

Q: A 28-year-old is in the urgent care center after stepping on a rusty tent nail. The nurse evaluates…

A: The process which provides a person with immiunity or resistance to an infectious disease is known…

Q: Which of the following statements is most correct regarding SCIDs?a. They are the least severe form…

A: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a genetic immunodeficiency illness that renders the…

Q: Name at least two diseases that have been eradicated due to immunization.

A: Certain diseases can be fatal and highly severe. Since of how quickly they spread, it is important…

Q: Immune cells such as dendritic cells can receive signals from the microbiome and: if the microbiome…

A: A defense system in the body of an individual which constitutes a complex network of cells and…

Q: Which component is released from the active site of an enzyme during a chemical reaction? What is…

A: Introduction  The active site of an enzyme is the region where the substrate binds and undergoes a…

Q: Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines, inactivatedvaccines, and toxoids. Which of these has…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation that activate the acquired immunity against a particular…

Q: Match each of the listed characters below to the innate or adaptive immune system. 1) Fully formed…

A: The body's natural ability to defend against pathogens and antigens is called as immunity. Immunity…

Q: What distinguishes constitutive resistance from an induced response?  What is the difference between…

A: Defense against an infectious pathogen is a complex mechanism that includes both constitutive…

Q: Generally, polysaccha are not good antigenS, because B cells recognize thei annot get T-cell help.…

A: INTRODUCTION The immune system consists of cells that protect organisms from foreign invaders. This…

Q: write an essay talking about: Allergic reactions of cellular (delayed) type. Mechanism of…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions are a type of immune response that occur when the body's immune system…

Q: In which of the following cases would treating a patient with an antiserum (purified antibodies) be…

A: Antiserum  Antiserum is extracted from the animals blood like rabbit or horse to treat specific…

Q: 11) What is the relative speed (slower, faster, the same) of a second response compared to the first…

A: On the epidermis, in body tissues, and in bodily fluids such as blood, the immune system fights…

Q: Describe how both active and passive immunization can be used to combat tetanus.

A: Injecting the antibodies into the systemic circulation is the process involved in artificially…

Q: You are a nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary (lung) mold infection, The mold represents a…

A: Please Note: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not…

Q: Define the below statement ? "Active immunity due to immunizations"

A: Vaccination is the way toward giving an antibody to an individual to secure them against infection.…

Q: What are the types of Immunomodulator agents?  Please explain each of them?  Please answer at your…

A: Immunomodulators are substances that operate on the pathways that control the immune system's…

Q: For those non-immunized and have acquired the infection before, is it possible for them to acquire…

A: The immune system is involved in fighting against the antigens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi,…

Q: Even though the oral polio vaccine is not used in the developed world, it is still widely used in…

A: Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease. It is caused by the poliovirus. It is the most enduring…

Q: Compose one good overview sentence about the purpose and the mode of action of the complement…

A: Introduction: The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and is involved in…

Q: You have an adult patient who is exhibiting persistent and severe infections caused by opportunistic…

A: Without a doubt! To better understand the diagnostic workup and treatment options available to a…

Q: What political and societal factors might lead to a decrease in childhood immunizations?

A: In physiology, childhood immunization is defined as vaccination in order to develop immunity against…

Q: Viruses have countered the specific immune defense systems by developing “disabling” or “evasion”…

A: Answer :- As we know that It is deep rooted that the viruses have developed wide assortment of…

Q: What are the advantages/disadvantages of using a direct immunoblotting method? Compare and contrast…

A: Immunoblotting (western blotting) techniques are a rapid and highly sensitive method for the…

Q: Discuss host responses to infectious disease agents. Be sure to include herd immunity as a community…

A: The immune response of the host is sophisticated and effective at preventing bacterial infection and…

Q: How does herd immunity prevent a nonimmune individual fromacquiring a disease? Give an example.

A: The spread of an infectious disease by a highly susceptible population usually differ from the…

Q: How does the immune response of the human body differ from a bacterial infection vs. an invasion of…

A: Immune system is composed of cells, organs and proteins. It protects our body from harmful…

Q: Phylum Habitat Symmetry Porifera Cnidaria Ctenophora Germ Layer Give two classes belonging in each…

A: The concept of the five kingdom classification was given by Robert Whittaker. All biological…

Q: Name at least two major ways in which natural and artificial immunitiesare different.

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: Eradication of some communicable diseases is possible. Two things are needed. What are they and why…

A: It is a disease condition that can spread from one person to other. It can also spread from animal…

Q: The adaptive immune system has a memory. How does this memory improve the host’s response in…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired immunity and it uses specific antigens to…

Q: smallpox

A: Smallpox is considered as extremely contagious , deadly and disfiguring virus caused by variola…

Q: What are the effects of vaccination in modulating the activities of T-cell and  how are T-cells…

A: Immunity is the capacity of thr organism to provide resistance against harmful microorganisms. There…

Q: What are the the host immune defenses that the Bordetella pertussis, Streptococcus pneumoniae,…

A: Immune system has a defense mechanism against microbial infection which has to be overcome by the…

Q: Describe two examples of how the normal microbiota contribute to the first line of defense.

A: It can be caused by a pathogen or any other foreign agent. This function is carried out by the…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.