Give critical comparison of Ainsworth’s and Alexopolous Mim’s System of fungal Classification?
Fungus -- A member of Kingdom -Fungi . Study of fungi is called Mycology , under a branch of botany .
Eukaryote, containing membrane bound nucleus with chromosomes .The fungi cells have a membrane bound cytoplasmic organelles ,DNA with noncoding regions called introns , sterol - containing membrane and ribosomes of 80 S type , heterotrophic organism contains chitinous cell wall with the majority of fungus species grow as a multicellular filaments called hyphae forming ,a mycelium but some species can grow with a single cell structure .
Sexual and asexual reproduction occurs by the spore formation produced on specialized structure or in fruiting bodies .
Fungi have been used as source of many antibiotics, food, active ingredients of detergent .Some produces mycotoxins such as alkaloids and polyketides ,toxic for animals as well as human .A few are used as part of traditional ceremony and as a source of psychotropic substances .
Species of fungi significantly pathogenic for human and other animals and also diseases of crops .
Classification of fungi -- The first fungi a typical structure 1,200 million years ago ,the Proterozoic .
The major divisions of fungi have been classified based on mainly characteristics of their sexual reproductive structures.
Currently fungal divisions are 7 in number -
1 Chytridiomycota -- Produces spores called Zoospores , actively moveable ,due to presence of single flagellum . 2 - Blastocladiomycota -- Saprophytics and parasites of all eukaryot organisms . 3 - Neocallimastigo mycota --Living in the digestive systems of larger herbivorous animals. 4-Zygomycota -- Capable of spreading spores several meters . 5- Glomeromycota - Reproduce asexually and arbuscular mycorrhiza . 6- Ascomycota -- Sac fungi , produces spores called ascospores , . 7 - Basidiomycota -produces basidiospores on club like structure called basidia .
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