Ghana’s industrialization
In order to encourage growth, Ghana's Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) was launched in 1983 with the goal of reversing economic decline through resource mobilization, public sector and institutional changes, and market liberalization. Statistics and industry studies provide the first indicators of changes in Ghana's industrial sector since the implementation of the Structural Adjustment Programme. These indicate a significant reliance on imports and a lack of export orientation. Only 5% of industrial output is exported, while three-quarters of industrial raw and other input materials are imported. The number of larger businesses has decreased significantly, and privatization has progressed slowly. Despite the fact that customs duties are being cut, the level of protection remains high, and efficiency gains - as measured by changes in capital and labor intensities - have been minimal and only visible in a few industries. The question of whether there are any firms operating competitively in other industries remains unresolved after looking at changes in efficiency and protection levels in various industries.
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