Gene duplications during vertebrate evolution have led toA. the control of body segmentation in mice by four copies of Hox genes.B. the abundance of somites in vertebrate embryos.C. the loss of other genes.D. a long development period of feathers in the chicken embryo.E. All of the above
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Gene duplications during vertebrate evolution have led to
A. the control of body segmentation in mice by four copies of Hox genes.
B. the abundance of somites in vertebrate embryos.
C. the loss of other genes.
D. a long development period of feathers in the chicken embryo.
E. All of the above
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- The Brachyury and Tbx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3 gene in flowering plants a. are examples of Hox genes. b. are examples of co-opting a gene for a new function. c. are homologues for determining the body plan of eukaryotes. d. help regulate the formation of appendages.Which statement about Hox genes is false? a. They are expressed in similar patterns in the embryos of both mice and flies. b. They include a conserved region of base pairs called the homeobox. c. They are arranged in similar clusters of genes in both mice and flies. d. They are part of the so-called genetic toolkit. e. Because of their important functional roles, they evolved rapidly in both mammals and flies.An evolutionary model of animal development explains how, O a.new genetic lines are produced less by modification than by unique mutation. O b.somites form as blocks of genes in cells randomly distributed throughout the body. OC.homeotic genes are found only in fruit flies, where they are responsible for odd placement of appendages. d. homeotic genes are not universal among animals. O e.animal body plans are constrained by existing structures in ancestral organisms.
- Scientists compare the structures of a chicken embryo and a human embryo at the same stage of development. They find that both vertebrates have similar shapes and structures, including the presence of gill slits and tails. How is this comparison of the embryos used as supporting evidence of evolution? A. The similarities suggest that chickens and humans are the direct descendants of modern day fish with tails and gill slits. B. The similarities suggest that vertebrates passthrough each of the adult stages of their evoluntionary history as they develop. C. The similarities suggest that vertebrates can undergo genetic changes during development that lead to the evolution of new species D. The similarities suggest that chickens and humans descend from ancestors with genes that code for the development of tails and gill slitsIn animals, Hox genes activate proteins to determine A. animal cephalic region B. animal physiology C. animal body plan D. animal caudal region E. animal reproductionCharacteristics that evolved in birds to allow for flight includea. reptilian-like scales on the legs.b. a hard-shelled amniotic egg.c. internal fertilization.d. thin, hollow bones in the skeleton.
- A. According to Gould and Vrba (1982), when the original cooling function of insect appendages was changed to flying, this is an example of a. inheritance. b. exaptation. c. apatation. d. adaptation. B. When primates first evolved away from their mammalian ancestors, they a. developed a larger and more complex brain. b. increased their reliance on the sense of smell. c. increased the number of canines (for meat-eating). d. all of the aboveThe bones in the front fins of whales and the bones in the human arm evolved from a common ancestor but carry out different functions. This is an example of A. homologous structures. B. vestigial structures. C. analogous structures. D. embryonic structures.The following diagram is of the blastopore stage of embryonic development. Based on the information in the diagram, which of the following statements is correct a. Most animals exhibit this pattern of development. b. It would have formed by spiralian cleavage. c. It would exhibit determinate development. d. All of the choices are correct.
- Researchers suggest that an increase in the number of Hox genesa. leads to reproductive isolation in all cases.b. could explain the evolution of color vision.c. allows for the evolution of more complex body patternsin animals.d. results in the decrease in the number of body segmentsin insects.e. does all of the above.Which of the following pairs of structures is least likely to represent homology? Group of answer choices A. The mitochondria of a plant and those of an animal. B. The wings of a bird and those of an insect. C. The hemoglobin of a baboon and that of a gorilla. D. The brain of a cat and that of a dog. E. The wings of a bat and the arms of a human.When the genomes of vertebrates are compared,a. genomes of closer relatives are more alike.b. genomes of closer relatives are less alike.c. genomic variation is essentially the same among relatives.d. genomes of more distant relatives are more alike.