Gases are different from solids and liquids. In a sample of gas, the molecules are far apart. The gas molecules also move around and collide with each other as well as with the walls of the container. These collisions generate pressure. The pressure of a gas can be measured in different units. One convenient unit of measure is called the atmosphere ( atm) because it is based on atmospheric pressure. At sea level, the average pressure is 1 atm. As you get higher in altitude, the pressure steadily drops until you leave the atmosphere, where the pressure is very close to 0 atm The table below shows the different commonly used units of measuring gas pressure. Use this table in the pressure unit conversions Unit atmosphere millimeters of mercury torr inches of mercury pounds per square inch (psi) pascal Abbreviation atm mmHg torr in. Hg lb/in. Pa 1 atm equivalent 1.00 atm (exact) 760 mmHg 760 torr 29.9 in. Hg 14.7 lb/in? 101.325 Pa Y Convert 0.500 atm of pressure to its equivalent in millimeters of mercury Express the pressure numerically in millimeters of mercury. ▸ View Available Hint(s) 0.500 atm = G| ΑΣΦ Submit Previous Answers X Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Part B mmHg Activate W Go to Settings The pressure in car tires is often measured in pounds per square inch (lb/in.), with the recommended pressure being Ib/in. Suppose a tire has a pressure of 41.5 lb/in.² Convert 41.5 lb/in.² to its equivalent in atmospheres
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
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