Free Energy (kcal/mol) 25 20 15 10 M 5 0 Reaction progress Use the reaction energy diagram above to answer the following questions. ‡ Calculate the activation energy, AG , for the step B to A. Include algebraic sign. kcal/mol Calculate the overall energy change, AGO, for the process C to B. Include algebraic sign. Which step is faster, (a) A to B or (b) C to B? a b kcal/mol

Free Energy (kcal/mol) 25 20 15 10 M 5 0 Reaction progress Use the reaction energy diagram above to answer the following questions. ‡ Calculate the activation energy, AG , for the step B to A. Include algebraic sign. kcal/mol Calculate the overall energy change, AGO, for the process C to B. Include algebraic sign. Which step is faster, (a) A to B or (b) C to B? a b kcal/mol

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9CR

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Similar questions

. Suppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K=1.7108at a particular temperature. Will there be a large or small amount of unreacted starting material present when this reaction reaches equilibrium? Is this reaction likely to be a good source of products at this temperature?
By which of the following mechanisms does a catalyst operate? a. It decreases the activation energy barrier for a reaction. b. It serves as a reactant and is consumed. c. It increases the temperature of a reaction. d. It increases the concentration of reactants.
For the endothermic reaction AB(g)A(g)+B(g), the following represents a reaction container at two different temperatures. Which one (I or II) is at the lower temperature?
Consider the reaction A+BC+D. A friend asks the following: “I know we have been told that if a mixture of A, B, C. and D is in equilibrium and more A is added, more C and D will form. But how can more C and D form if we do not add more B?” What do you tell your friend?
The only stress (change) that also changes the value of K is a change in temperature. For an exothermic reaction, how does the equilibrium position change as temperature increases, and what happens to the value of K? Answer the same questions for an endothermic reaction. If the value of K increases with a decrease in temperature, is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Explain.
12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is O3(g)+NO(g)O2(g)+NO2(g)K=6.01034 (a) If the initial concentrations are [O3]=1.0106M,[NO]=1.0105M,[NO2]=2.5104M, and [O2]=8.2103M , is the system at equilibrium? If not, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
Classify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.
In each of the reactions, how does the equilibrium respond to an increase in pressure? (a) 2SO 2 ( g )+ O 2 ( g ) 2SO 3 ( g ) (b) H 2 ( g )+ I 2 ( g )2HI( g ) (c) 3H 2 ( g )+ N 2 2NH 3 ( g )
When writing a chemical equation for a reaction that comes to equilibrium. how do we indicate symbolically that the reaction is reversible?
. Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following heterogeneous equilibria. a. 4Al(s)+3O2(g)2Al2O3(s)b. NH3(g)+HCl(g)NH4Cl(s)C. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)
Consider an equilibrium mixture of four chemicals (A. B. C. and D. all gases) reacting in a closed flask according to the following equation: A+BC+Da. You add more A to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer. h. You have the original set-up at equilibrium, and add more D to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer.
. Consider an equilibrium mixture consisting of H2O(g), CO(g). H2(g), and CO2(g) reacting in a closed vessel according to the equation H2O(g)+CO(g)H2(g)+CO2(g)a. You add more H2O to the flask. How does the new equilibrium concentration of each chemical compare to its origin al equilibrium concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer. b. You add more H2to the flask. How does the concentration of each chemical compare to its original concentration after equilibrium is re-established? Justify your answer.