Forten Company's current year income statement, comparative balance sheets, and additional information follow. For the year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, (4) all debits to accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory, and (5) Other Expenses are paid in advance and are initially debited to Prepaid Expenses. Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses Total current assets Equipment Accumulated Total assets Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable Short-tern notes payable Total current liabilities Long-tern notes payable Total liabilities depreciation-Equipment Equity Common stock, $5 par value FORTEN COMPANY Comparative Balance Sheets December 31 Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity FORTEN COMPANY Income Statement For Current Tear Ended December 31 Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses Depreciation expense Other expenses Other gains (losses) Loss on sale of equipment Income before taxes Income taxes expense Net income $20,750 132,400 Current Year $ 49,800 65,810 275,656 1,250 $ 513,391 $ 53,141 10,000 392,516 157,500 128,141 162,750 37,500 105,000 $513,391 $582,500 285,000 297,500 153,150 139,225 24,250 $ 114,975 Prior Year $ 73,500 50,625 251,000 377,800 108,000 (46,000) $439,800 $ 114,675 6,000 120,675 150,250 120,125 $ 439,800 Additional Information on Current Year Transactions a. The loss on the cash sale of equipment was $5,125 (details in bj. b. Sold equipment costing $46,875, with accumulated depreciation of $30,125, for $11,625 cash. c. Purchased equipment costing $96,375 by paying $30,000 cash and signing a long-term note payable for the balance. d. Borrowed $4,000 cash by signing a short-term note payable. e. Paid $50,125 cash to reduce the long-term notes payable. f. Issued 2,500 shares of common stock for $20 cash per share. g. Declared and paid cash dividends of $50,100.
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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Note: Enter debits before credits.
Date
December
31
Reconstruct the entry for the issuance of the short-term note payable.
<
1
6
Account Title
Date
December
31
7
Note: Enter debits before credits.
6
7
8 9 10
Account Title
8
Reconstruct the entry to record the payment of cash dividends.
Debit
11
Debit
14
Credit
14
Credit
<
1
Date
December
31
<
Reconstruct the entry for the payment on the long-term note payable.
Note: Enter debits before credits.
4
Date
December
31
<
Note: Enter debits before credits.
1
5 6 7
7
Close the revenue account(s) to income summary.
Date
December
31
7
Account Title
8
Account Title
Note: Enter debits before credits.
9 10 11
8
8 9
9
Close Income Summary to Retained Earnings.
10
Account Title
11
Debit
12
Debit
12
14
Credit
14
Debit
Credit
13
14
< 1
Credit
5
Note: Enter debits before credits.
Date
December
31
6
Reconstruct the entry for the issuance of common stock.
Journal entry worksheet
< 1
7
Date
December
31
Note: Enter debits before credits.
7
8
Account Title
9
8
Account Title
10
9
11
Close the expense and loss accounts to income summary.
12
10
Debit
13
Debit
14
Credit
14
Credit"

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