Forten Company's current year income statement, comparative balance sheets, and additional information follow. For year, (1) all sales are credit sales, (2) all credits to Accounts Receivable reflect cash receipts from customers, (3) all purchases of inventory are on credit, and (4) all debits to Accounts Payable reflect cash payments for inventory. Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profit Operating expenses (excluding depreciation) Depreciation expense Other gains (losses) FORTEN COMPANY Income Statement For Current Year Ended December 31 Loss on sale of equipment Income before taxes Income taxes expense Net income Assets Cash Accounts receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses Total current assets FORTEN COMPANY Comparative Balance Sheets December 31 Equipment Accumulated depreciation-Equipment Total assets Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable Long-term notes payable Total liabilities Equity Common stock, $5 par value Paid-in capital in excess of par, common stock Retained earnings Total liabilities and equity $ 132,400 20,750 $ 582,500 285,000 297,500 153,150 (5,125) 139,225 24,250 $ 114,975 Current Year $ 49,800 65,810 275,656 1,250 392,516 157,500 (36,625) $ 513,391 $ 53,141 75,000 128,141 162,750 37,500 185,000 $ 513,391 Prior Year $ 73,500 50,625 251,800 1,875 377,800 108,000 (46,000) $ 439,800 $ 114,675 54,750 169,425 150, 250 0 120, 125 $ 439,800
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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