Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
Question
Transcribed Image Text:**Question:**
What is the mechanism that ensures Mendel’s first law of segregation?
**Options:**
- ○ Formation of the spindle
- ○ Segregation of sister chromatids during meiosis II
- ○ Segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
- ● Pairing of homologous chromosomes
**Explanation:**
The provided image features a question pertaining to genetic mechanisms related to Mendel's first law of segregation. The correct answer, highlighted in the image, is "Pairing of homologous chromosomes."
**Detailed Explanation:**
Mendel's first law, also known as the Law of Segregation, states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. This segregation ensures that offspring acquire one allele from each parent.
Key points describing the corresponding mechanisms:
1. **Formation of spindle**: The spindle fibers play a crucial role in the separation of chromosomes, but they are not the initial mechanism that establishes Mendel’s law of segregation.
2. **Segregation of sister chromatids during meiosis II**: This occurs in the second meiotic division, resulting in the separation of sister chromatids. However, this is not directly responsible for the segregation of alleles as described by Mendel.
3. **Segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I**: This process ensures that each gamete receives only one chromosome from each homologous pair, which is a critical step, but not the initial mechanism of establishing the segregation.
4. **Pairing of homologous chromosomes (Correct Answer)**: During Prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, ensuring that each gamete receives one of each chromosome pair. This pairing is essential for the accurate segregation of alleles, directly reflecting Mendel's first law.
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