For the reaction that represents the formation of water: 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H₂O based on the moles of each reactant present in each tube, identify what substance is limiting reagent and predict the maximum moles of water that can form. In which test tube will the largest quantity of water be obtained? 3 Tube Number 1 2 3 4 Moles H₂ 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Moles O₂ 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 Moles H₂O 5
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
![A centrifuge is a small instrument that uses the principle of cen
limit to the centrifugal force is the strength of the metal of which the device is made. It contains test tube holders that Plate Tapiol
The centrifugal force makes a solid suspended in a liquid sink to the bottom, allowing for the liquid to be decanted (pour out).
Operating instructions:
1. Balanced tubes before placing in the centrifuge. This means that the volume in each tube must be approximately the
same.
WARNING: BE SURE THAT YOUR TUBES HAVE THE SAME LEVEL OF LIQUID INSIDE. IF NECESSARY, ADD MORE
DEIONIZED WATER BEFORE PLACING IN THE CENTRIFUGE. SIMILAR MASSES SHOULD BE PLACED ACROSS FROM
EACH OTHER IN THE CENTRIFUGE.
Balanced tubes must be placed at opposite side inside the test tube holder of the instrument.
Never insert a tube without placing a second one on the opposite side.
Check that the top of the tubes does not touch each other to avoid rupture of the glass and flying particles of glass.
5.
It is important that you wear safety goggles while operating a centrifuge.
6.
Turn it on for about 1-2 minutes and then turn it off.
7. Wait till the centrifuge completely stops rotating before removing your tubes from it.
PRELAB ASSIGNMENT
1.
For the reaction that represents the formation of water: 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O based on the moles of each reactant present in
each tube, identify what substance is limiting reagent and predict the maximum moles of water that can form. In
which test tube will the largest quantity of water be obtained?
2
3.
4.
Tube Number
1
2
3
4
Moles H₂
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Moles O₂
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Moles H₂O
2. A student uses a burette as the one shown here. They recorded the initial reading of the burette as 7.65 mL. The
student opened the stopcock to deliver the solution into one of his samples and when they closed the stopcock
and took the final reading in the burette, they read 15.75 mL. What volume of solution was delivered?
3. The solution in the burette was 0.325 M NaOH. How many moles of NaOH were delivered? How many millimoles?
PROCEDURE:
You will be working by yourself in this experiment using Kim's recommendations.
5
6
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