For the following acid/base reactions, draw the products and indicate the equilibrium position.

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Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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For the following acid/base reactions, draw the products and indicate the equilibrium position.

The image consists of three chemical reaction equations, each illustrating equilibrium processes between different molecules:

1. **First Reaction:**
   - **Reactants:**
     - A benzene ring with three fluorine atoms and an aldehyde group (–CHO) attached (3,5-difluorobenzaldehyde).
     - A benzene ring with two methyl groups (–CH₃) and an oxoanion attached (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenolate).
   - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows indicate a reversible reaction at equilibrium.

2. **Second Reaction:**
   - **Reactants:**
     - A five-membered ring containing a sulfur atom and a keto group with a negative charge on oxygen (thiolactone).
     - A five-membered cyclic structure with a keto group and an aldehyde group (5-oxohexanoic acid).
   - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows show equilibrium in this reaction.

3. **Third Reaction:**
   - **Reactants:**
     - A straight-chain alkane with an alkyne group and an additional hydrogen (1-pentyne).
     - A carboxylate ion with a straight-chain hydrocarbon (pentanoate).
   - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows indicate that this is a reversible reaction at equilibrium.

Each chemical equation demonstrates different types of molecular interactions involved in the equilibrium process. The reactions involve aromatic, cyclic, and aliphatic compounds with functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylates, and alkynes.
Transcribed Image Text:The image consists of three chemical reaction equations, each illustrating equilibrium processes between different molecules: 1. **First Reaction:** - **Reactants:** - A benzene ring with three fluorine atoms and an aldehyde group (–CHO) attached (3,5-difluorobenzaldehyde). - A benzene ring with two methyl groups (–CH₃) and an oxoanion attached (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenolate). - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows indicate a reversible reaction at equilibrium. 2. **Second Reaction:** - **Reactants:** - A five-membered ring containing a sulfur atom and a keto group with a negative charge on oxygen (thiolactone). - A five-membered cyclic structure with a keto group and an aldehyde group (5-oxohexanoic acid). - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows show equilibrium in this reaction. 3. **Third Reaction:** - **Reactants:** - A straight-chain alkane with an alkyne group and an additional hydrogen (1-pentyne). - A carboxylate ion with a straight-chain hydrocarbon (pentanoate). - **Reaction Arrows:** Double-headed arrows indicate that this is a reversible reaction at equilibrium. Each chemical equation demonstrates different types of molecular interactions involved in the equilibrium process. The reactions involve aromatic, cyclic, and aliphatic compounds with functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylates, and alkynes.
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