For the circuit below, The determine the voltage ratio Vo/V3 : (Provide your calculations and reasoning for your answer.) U2 R4 OUT OFAMP V3 R7 500 US V. R5 OUT OPAMP RS R10

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For the circuit below, determine the voltage ratio \( V_o/V_3 \). (Provide your calculations and reasoning for your answer.)

**Circuit Description:**

The circuit consists of two operational amplifiers (op-amps), labeled U2 and U3, with resistors connected in the following configuration:

1. **U2 Op-Amp:**
   - Non-inverting input is grounded.
   - Inverting input is connected to a voltage source \( V_3 \) via resistor \( R4 \) (1kΩ).
   - Feedback loop with resistor \( R5 \) (1kΩ) connecting the output back to the inverting input.
   - Output connected to resistor \( R7 \) (500Ω).

2. **U3 Op-Amp:**
   - Non-inverting input is grounded.
   - Inverting input connected to the output of U2 via resistor \( R7 \) (500Ω).
   - Feedback loop with resistor \( R10 \) (1kΩ) connecting the output back to the inverting input.
   - Resistor \( R9 \) (1kΩ) connected from the inverting input of U3 to ground.
   - Output labeled as \( V_o \).

**Analysis:**

- First Op-Amp (U2): Configured as an inverting amplifier with equal resistors \( R4 \) and \( R5 \), resulting in a gain of -1.

- Second Op-Amp (U3): Configured as an inverting amplifier with resistors \( R9 \) and \( R10 \). The gain is given by \(-R10/R9 = -1\).

**Calculations:**

1. \( V_{out2} = -\left(\frac{R5}{R4}\right) \times V_3 = -V_3 \).

2. \( V_o = -\left(\frac{R10}{R9}\right) \times V_{out2} = -(-V_3) = V_3 \).

**Voltage Ratio:**
\[ \frac{V_o}{V_3} = \frac{V_3}{V_3} = 1 \]

The voltage ratio \( V_o/V_3 \) is calculated to be 1.
Transcribed Image Text:For the circuit below, determine the voltage ratio \( V_o/V_3 \). (Provide your calculations and reasoning for your answer.) **Circuit Description:** The circuit consists of two operational amplifiers (op-amps), labeled U2 and U3, with resistors connected in the following configuration: 1. **U2 Op-Amp:** - Non-inverting input is grounded. - Inverting input is connected to a voltage source \( V_3 \) via resistor \( R4 \) (1kΩ). - Feedback loop with resistor \( R5 \) (1kΩ) connecting the output back to the inverting input. - Output connected to resistor \( R7 \) (500Ω). 2. **U3 Op-Amp:** - Non-inverting input is grounded. - Inverting input connected to the output of U2 via resistor \( R7 \) (500Ω). - Feedback loop with resistor \( R10 \) (1kΩ) connecting the output back to the inverting input. - Resistor \( R9 \) (1kΩ) connected from the inverting input of U3 to ground. - Output labeled as \( V_o \). **Analysis:** - First Op-Amp (U2): Configured as an inverting amplifier with equal resistors \( R4 \) and \( R5 \), resulting in a gain of -1. - Second Op-Amp (U3): Configured as an inverting amplifier with resistors \( R9 \) and \( R10 \). The gain is given by \(-R10/R9 = -1\). **Calculations:** 1. \( V_{out2} = -\left(\frac{R5}{R4}\right) \times V_3 = -V_3 \). 2. \( V_o = -\left(\frac{R10}{R9}\right) \times V_{out2} = -(-V_3) = V_3 \). **Voltage Ratio:** \[ \frac{V_o}{V_3} = \frac{V_3}{V_3} = 1 \] The voltage ratio \( V_o/V_3 \) is calculated to be 1.
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