For Problems 25-33, determine a spanning set for the null space of the given matrix A.

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ
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solve number 29 of the first picture using the second picture you are able to see the matrix which is problem #27 of the second picture.

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---

### Mathematics: Subspaces and Null Spaces

Explore various vector spaces \( V \) and subsets \( S \) with different conditions, and determine the null spaces for a range of matrices.

**Subspaces Descriptions:**

1. **Problem 8:**
   - \( V = \mathbb{R}^2 \), and \( S \) consists of vectors \((x, y)\) satisfying \( x^2 - y^2 = 0 \).
   
2. **Problem 9:**
   - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( 2 \times 2 \) matrices with \(\det(A) = 1\).

3. **Problem 10:**
   - \( V = M_n(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( n \times n \) lower triangular matrices.
   
4. **Problem 11:**
   - \( V = M_n(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( n \times n \) invertible matrices.

5. **Problem 12:**
   - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset where all four elements sum to zero.

6. **Problem 13:**
   - \( V = M_{3 \times 2}(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset where elements in each column sum to zero.

7. **Problem 14:**
   - \( V = M_{2 \times 3}(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset with each row summing to 10.

8. **Problem 15:**
   - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the set of all \( 2 \times 2 \) symmetric matrices.

9. **Problem 16:**
   - \( V \) includes all real-valued functions on \([a, b]\), with \( S \) being functions satisfying \( f(a) = 5 \cdot f(b) \).

10. **Problem 17:**
    - \( V \)
Transcribed Image Text:Certainly! Here is a transcription and explanation suitable for an educational website: --- ### Mathematics: Subspaces and Null Spaces Explore various vector spaces \( V \) and subsets \( S \) with different conditions, and determine the null spaces for a range of matrices. **Subspaces Descriptions:** 1. **Problem 8:** - \( V = \mathbb{R}^2 \), and \( S \) consists of vectors \((x, y)\) satisfying \( x^2 - y^2 = 0 \). 2. **Problem 9:** - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( 2 \times 2 \) matrices with \(\det(A) = 1\). 3. **Problem 10:** - \( V = M_n(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( n \times n \) lower triangular matrices. 4. **Problem 11:** - \( V = M_n(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset of all \( n \times n \) invertible matrices. 5. **Problem 12:** - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset where all four elements sum to zero. 6. **Problem 13:** - \( V = M_{3 \times 2}(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset where elements in each column sum to zero. 7. **Problem 14:** - \( V = M_{2 \times 3}(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the subset with each row summing to 10. 8. **Problem 15:** - \( V = M_2(\mathbb{R}) \), and \( S \) is the set of all \( 2 \times 2 \) symmetric matrices. 9. **Problem 16:** - \( V \) includes all real-valued functions on \([a, b]\), with \( S \) being functions satisfying \( f(a) = 5 \cdot f(b) \). 10. **Problem 17:** - \( V \)
**Linear Algebra Problem Set**

**23.** Solve the linear system:
\[ x - 2y - z = 0. \]
Determine a set of vectors that spans \( S \).

**24.** Let \( S \) be the subspace of \( P_3(\mathbb{R}) \) consisting of all polynomials \( p(x) \) in \( P_3(\mathbb{R}) \) such that \( p'(x) = 0 \). Find a set of vectors that spans \( S \).

For Problems **25–33**, determine a spanning set for the null space of the given matrix \( A \).

**25.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 23 in Section 4.3.

**26.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 24 in Section 4.3.

**27.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 25 in Section 4.3.

**28.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 26 in Section 4.3.

**29.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 27 in Section 4.3.

**30.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 28 in Section 4.3.

**31.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 29 in Section 4.3.

**32.** Given matrix:
\[ A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 & 2 \\ 2 & 4 & 6 & -1 \end{bmatrix}. \]

**41.** Consider the vectors 
\[ A_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad A_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}, \quad A_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 \\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \]
in \( M_2(\mathbb{R}) \). Determine \(\text{span}\{A_1, A_2, A_3\}\).

**42.** Consider the vectors 
\[ A_1 = \begin{bmatrix}
Transcribed Image Text:**Linear Algebra Problem Set** **23.** Solve the linear system: \[ x - 2y - z = 0. \] Determine a set of vectors that spans \( S \). **24.** Let \( S \) be the subspace of \( P_3(\mathbb{R}) \) consisting of all polynomials \( p(x) \) in \( P_3(\mathbb{R}) \) such that \( p'(x) = 0 \). Find a set of vectors that spans \( S \). For Problems **25–33**, determine a spanning set for the null space of the given matrix \( A \). **25.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 23 in Section 4.3. **26.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 24 in Section 4.3. **27.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 25 in Section 4.3. **28.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 26 in Section 4.3. **29.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 27 in Section 4.3. **30.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 28 in Section 4.3. **31.** The matrix \( A \) defined in Problem 29 in Section 4.3. **32.** Given matrix: \[ A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 5 \\ 1 & 3 & 4 & 2 \\ 2 & 4 & 6 & -1 \end{bmatrix}. \] **41.** Consider the vectors \[ A_1 = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 \\ 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}, \quad A_2 = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 \\ -2 & 1 \end{bmatrix}, \quad A_3 = \begin{bmatrix} 3 & 0 \\ 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} \] in \( M_2(\mathbb{R}) \). Determine \(\text{span}\{A_1, A_2, A_3\}\). **42.** Consider the vectors \[ A_1 = \begin{bmatrix}
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