For identify the following problem components: (a) decision variables; (b) parameters; (c) the objective function in words; and (d) constraints in words. Environmental. Acid rain in the northeastern part of the U.S. has been attributed in large part to sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants in Ohio and other states of the Midwest. Generally, northeasterly winds blow the emissions from these electric power plants toward the Midatlantic. Northeastern, and New England states. Studies have indicated that the air quality in this downwind region is not equally contributed by all power plants in the large geographic region of the Midwest. That is. A pound of sulfur dioxide emitted from each of two different plants in the Midwest does not result in the same reduction in air quality at each monitoring site in the Northeast. This differing impact is due to the different locations of the two plants and the winds that blow past them. Said differently, a pound of sulfur dioxide emitted at each power plant site in the Midwest has a characteristic and predictable impact on air quality at each of the many downwind sites in the Northeast. A factor may be derived that translates each pound emitted at each origin site into a concentration contribution of sulfur dioxide at each of the many destination sites where air quality is measured. The concentration at each monitoring site is the sum of contributions from each of the power plants in the Midwest. In addition. the unit cost of sulfur removal from the air waste stream of plants in the Midwest differs significantly by plant. For some plants. it is less expensive to reduce emissions. for others it is more costly. It is also obvious that not all plants are the same size or technology. Therefore. the amount of untreated sulfur dioxide-the amount prior to cleanup-found at each plant differs. Any clean-up plan must also consider equity of impact among the sources: widely varying clean-up efficiencies or removal levels across the electric power plants will be viewed as discriminatory. Further since the consumer of the electricity must ultimately pay the clean-up cost in electric rates, a strong effort must be made to keep total costs as low as possible. A control strategy-a removal level for each midwestern power plant-is needed in order to reduce emissions to levels that ensure the air quality concentrations at all downwind monitoring sites meet environmental standards.
For identify the following problem components:
(a) decision variables;
(b) parameters;
(c) the objective
(d) constraints in words.
Environmental. Acid rain in the northeastern part of the U.S. has been attributed in large part to sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired power plants in Ohio and other states of the Midwest. Generally, northeasterly winds blow the emissions from these electric power plants toward the Midatlantic. Northeastern, and New England states. Studies have indicated that the air quality in this downwind region is not equally contributed by all power plants in the large geographic region of the Midwest. That is. A pound of sulfur dioxide emitted from each of two different plants in the Midwest does not result in the same reduction in air quality at each monitoring site in the Northeast. This differing impact is due to the different locations of the two plants and the winds that blow past them. Said differently, a pound of sulfur dioxide emitted at each power plant site in the Midwest has a characteristic and predictable impact on air quality at each of the many downwind sites in the Northeast. A factor may be derived that translates each pound emitted at each origin site into a concentration contribution of sulfur dioxide at each of the many destination sites where air quality is measured. The concentration at each monitoring site is the sum of contributions from each of the power plants in the Midwest.
In addition. the unit cost of sulfur removal from the air waste stream of plants in the Midwest differs significantly by plant. For some plants. it is less expensive to reduce emissions. for others it is more costly. It is also obvious that not all plants are the same size or technology. Therefore. the amount of untreated sulfur dioxide-the amount prior to cleanup-found at each plant differs. Any clean-up plan must also consider equity of impact among the sources: widely varying clean-up efficiencies or removal levels across the electric power plants will be viewed as discriminatory. Further since the consumer of the electricity must ultimately pay the clean-up cost in electric rates, a strong effort must be made to keep total costs as low as possible. A control strategy-a removal level for each midwestern power plant-is needed in order to reduce emissions to levels that ensure the air quality concentrations at all downwind monitoring sites meet environmental standards.
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