For each proof, you must include (i.e., write) the premises in that proof. Proofs must have premises. Conditional Proof (CP), Indirect Proof (IP) and Assumed Premises (AP) are not allowed to be used. Only the 18 rules of inference can be used. Points will be lost if you use any of the inference rules Resolution, Contradiction, Transposition, Idempotence and Identity.

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For each proof, you must include (i.e., write) the premises in that proof. Proofs must have premises. Conditional Proof (CP), Indirect Proof (IP) and Assumed Premises (AP) are not allowed to be used. Only the 18 rules of inference can be used. Points will be lost if you use any of the inference rules Resolution, Contradiction, Transposition, Idempotence and Identity. Only answer questions 7, 9 and 11.

Transcription and Explanation:

**Logical Statements and Proofs**

(7)
1. \(\sim (H \lor \sim K)\)
2. \(L \supset H \therefore L \supset M\)

(8)
1. \(M \equiv N \therefore \sim N \lor M\)

(9)
1. \(A \supset \sim A\)
2. \((\sim A \lor \sim B) \supset C \therefore \sim A \cdot C\)

(10)
1. \(R \supset S\)
2. \(R \supset T \therefore R \supset (S \cdot T)\)

(11)
1. \(H \supset K\)
2. \(C \equiv D\)
3. \(\sim C \supset \sim K \therefore H \supset D\)

**Explanation:**

This section contains examples of logical proofs and implications. Each set of numbers represents a different logical argument or proof. Within each example:

- The first line(s) represents premises or given statements.
- The expression after "∴" (therefore) signifies the conclusion derived from the given premises using logical rules such as modus ponens, conjunction, or equivalence, among others.

Each logical connectives symbol has the following interpretation:
- \(\sim\) represents negation (not).
- \(\lor\) represents a disjunction (or).
- \(\supset\) represents implication (if...then).
- \(\equiv\) represents equivalence (if and only if).
- \(\cdot\) represents conjunction (and).

These examples are commonly used in logic courses to teach students how to construct valid arguments and reason consistently within a structured framework.
Transcribed Image Text:Transcription and Explanation: **Logical Statements and Proofs** (7) 1. \(\sim (H \lor \sim K)\) 2. \(L \supset H \therefore L \supset M\) (8) 1. \(M \equiv N \therefore \sim N \lor M\) (9) 1. \(A \supset \sim A\) 2. \((\sim A \lor \sim B) \supset C \therefore \sim A \cdot C\) (10) 1. \(R \supset S\) 2. \(R \supset T \therefore R \supset (S \cdot T)\) (11) 1. \(H \supset K\) 2. \(C \equiv D\) 3. \(\sim C \supset \sim K \therefore H \supset D\) **Explanation:** This section contains examples of logical proofs and implications. Each set of numbers represents a different logical argument or proof. Within each example: - The first line(s) represents premises or given statements. - The expression after "∴" (therefore) signifies the conclusion derived from the given premises using logical rules such as modus ponens, conjunction, or equivalence, among others. Each logical connectives symbol has the following interpretation: - \(\sim\) represents negation (not). - \(\lor\) represents a disjunction (or). - \(\supset\) represents implication (if...then). - \(\equiv\) represents equivalence (if and only if). - \(\cdot\) represents conjunction (and). These examples are commonly used in logic courses to teach students how to construct valid arguments and reason consistently within a structured framework.
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