For each organic reaction, say whether at equilibrium there will be more reactants than products (so equilibrium lies to the left), or more products than reactants (so equilibrium lies to the right). You'll probably find some useful information in the ALEKS Data resource. + -NH3 + H₂O tiya Qo OH H₂N. left + HCI left + CH3O left + H3O right right right + H3N NH2 + HgO OH + + :CI: + CH3OH + H₂O X Ś
Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
![# Equilibrium in Organic Reactions
For each organic reaction, determine whether at equilibrium there will be more reactants than products (equilibrium lies to the *left*), or more products than reactants (equilibrium lies to the *right*).
---
## Reaction 1:
**Equation:**
Cyclohexylamine (\[\text{NH}_3^+\]) + Water (\[\text{H}_2\text{O}\]) \[\rightleftharpoons\] Cyclohexylamine (\[\text{NH}_2\]) + Hydronium (\[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\])
**Equilibrium Direction:**
- Left (indicated by the filled circle next to "left").
---
## Reaction 2:
**Equation:**
2-methylpentanoate (\[\text{CO}_2^-\]) + Hydrochloric acid (\[\text{HCl}\]) \[\rightleftharpoons\] 2-methylpentanoic acid (\[\text{COOH}\]) + Chlorine ion (\[\text{Cl}^-\])
**Equilibrium Direction:**
- Left (indicated by the filled circle next to "left").
---
## Reaction 3:
**Equation:**
Phenol (\[\text{OH}\]) + Methoxide (\[\text{CH}_3\text{O}^-\]) \[\rightleftharpoons\] Phenoxide (\[\text{O}^-\]) + Methanol (\[\text{CH}_3\text{OH}\])
**Equilibrium Direction:**
- Right (indicated by the filled circle next to "right").
---
## Reaction 4:
**Equation:**
Ethanamine (\[\text{H}_2\text{N}\]-\[\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\]) + Hydronium (\[\text{H}_3\text{O}^+\]) \[\rightleftharpoons\] Protonated ethanamine (\[\text{H}_3\text{N}^+\]-\[\text{C}_2\text{H}_5\]) + Water (\[\text{H}_2\text{O}\])
**Equilibrium Direction:**
- Left (indicated by the filled circle next to "left").
---
Find additional resources and information in the ALEKS Data resource.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F70c6702f-1254-4f2b-ba5a-ac93276291c3%2F63c178a3-20d2-4a98-befe-bf04589ce24c%2F15s907m.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![The image contains a series of chemical equilibrium reactions presented in tabular format. Each reaction is accompanied by a toggle option to indicate the direction of equilibrium (left or right). Below is a transcription and description of each reaction:
1. **Reaction 1:**
- **Reactants:**
- \[ \large C_6H_5OH \] (Phenol)
- **Products:**
- \[ \large C_6H_5O^- \] (Phenoxide ion)
- \[ \large H^+ \] (Proton)
- **Equilibrium Description:**
- Arrows indicating equilibrium in both directions.
- **Toggle Option:**
- Buttons for "left" or "right" direction choice.
2. **Reaction 2:**
- **Reactants:**
- \[ \large CH_3COCH_2COO^- \]
- HCl
- **Products:**
- \[ \large CH_3COCH_2COOH \]
- Cl\^-
- **Equilibrium Description:**
- Arrows indicating equilibrium in both directions.
- **Toggle Option:**
- Buttons for "left" or "right" direction choice.
3. **Reaction 3:**
- **Reactants:**
- \[ \large C_6H_5OH \] (Phenol)
- \( \text{CH}_3\text{O}^- \) (Methoxide ion)
- **Products:**
- \[ \large C_6H_5O^- \] (Phenoxide ion)
- \[ \text{CH}_3\text{OH} \] (Methanol)
- **Equilibrium Description:**
- Arrows indicating equilibrium in both directions.
- **Toggle Option:**
- Buttons for "left" or "right" direction choice.
4. **Reaction 4:**
- **Reactants:**
- \[ \large H_2N(CH_2)_3NH_2 \] (1,3-Diaminopropane)
- \[ \large H_3O^+ \] (Hydronium ion)
- **Products:**
- \[ \large H_3N^+(CH_2)_3NH_](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F70c6702f-1254-4f2b-ba5a-ac93276291c3%2F63c178a3-20d2-4a98-befe-bf04589ce24c%2Foaj7h5o_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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