For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule of inference/replacement that justifies it. (X כ W) .1 2. ((W ɔ Y) Ɔ (Z v X)) 3. ((W·X) ɔ Y) 4. ~ Z ..X 5. (W ɔ (W· X)) 6. (W ɔ Y) 7. (Z v X) 8. X Prompts Submitted Answers How did we arrive with line number 5? Choose a match How did we arrive with line number 6? Choose a match How did we arrive with line number 7? Choose a match How did we arrive with line number 8? Choose a match

Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: We prove the given argument by using rules of inference or replacement rules.

Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: Note: The line 8. W·X∨~W∨~X in the proof has a mistake. It should have been 8. W·X∨~W·~X. So, we…

Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: To find- For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state…

Q: а. — (р @ q) + (р+q) b. (p ^ ¬q) → (p O r) → ¬p V q V ¬r с. (р — q)v(р r) —ръ(qvr) С.

A: To prove the following using equivalence law: a. ¬(p⊕q)⇔(p↔q) b. (p∧¬q)→(p⊕q)⇔¬p∨q∨¬r c.…

Q: TF r F F T If P, then Q is logically equivalent to If ~P, then ~Q. The statement ~P --> ~Q is the…

A: As per the guidelines, we can solve only 3 subparts. Please repost it with other subparts.

Q: ~M³(N-O) 1. 2. NOP 3. 0~p ✓ Conclusion /M premises prove using the rules of implication

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Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: The following rules must be known to see which inference/replacements are used. 1) Exportation…

Q: 5. Suppose that pq is known to be false. Give the truth values for (a) p^q (b) pv q (c) q→ p

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Q: W./.:// If P: p v(qar) and Q :(pvq)^(pvr) are J a logically Equivalent ( Prove that P Q)?

A: Two statement forms are called logically equivalent if, and only if, they have identical truth…

Q: Determine the line and the reason for the entry on line 4 given the following part of a formal proof…

A: For two given statements, if one statement implies the other and the first statement is valid, the…

Q: 3. Use C.P. or I.P. or both to construct proofs for the following (= Unit 9 -plus the rules from…

A: The venturi meter is a device used to measure the flow rate of a fluid flowing through a pipe.…

Q: Simplify according to the rules and design before and after logic gates along with truth table F(x,…

A: Simplify the logic function:

Q: 1. (¬-p → (p ^ (p ^ r)) = (¬(p ^ ¬r))

A: According to our Q n A guidelines I can solve only one question .Please upload other questions again…

Q: 1. Prove or disprove the following using either equivalence laws or truth assignments (not truth…

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Q: Construct a formal proof of validity 1. A -> B 2. a∨ (c^d) 3.~b ^ ~c / therefore c

A: We have to construct  a formal proof of validity

Q: 12) Let X1, X2, X~N(u, 62) which the following statement true a) X-N(,82),S2~x…

A: Step 1:X1​,X2​,..,Xn​∼N(μ,δ2) independentlyThen sample meanXˉ=n∑i=1n​Xi​​We know…

Q: 9. Prove valid 1. "G /NPK 2. "I (B > K) = "(K > G)] 3. ("B > T) & ("B Ə R) 4. (R & T) = (*N v G)

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Q: D. Suppose p, q, r, s are propositions such that p^q is true and rv sis false. Determine the truth…

A: We know that,  A∧B is true if and only if both A and B true  A∨B is false if and only if both A and…

Q: Q1: Answer of the following -1 y > 6 O 4< y < 6 O 5< y< 6 O 4< y< 5

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Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: We fill the given blank by using rules of inference or replacement rules.

Q: 2. Construct a valid argument: Hypotheses: Conclusion: t ~p ^ q, r⇒p, ~r⇒s,s⇒ t

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Q: For each numbered line that is not a premise in each of the formal proofs that follow state the rule…

A: We prove the given argument by using rules of inference or replacement rules.

Q: Make a proof of validity using the method of indirect proof.

A: Proof of Validity is    (6)   d By Modus Tollens   {From (3) and (5)} (7)   a By Modus Tollens…

Q: loque (a) Let P(x,y) be the statement " x+y=y+x." What is the truth value of the quantification vxv…

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Q: Determine the line and the reason for the entry on line 6 given the following part of a formal proof…

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Q: rule of inference

A: We have to prove the validity of p∧p→~q∧~q→~r→~r The given statements are a. pb. p→~qc. ~qd. ~q→~re.…

Q: Derive the conclusion of the following argument using the method of conditional proof where…

A: Given arguments are 1. Y∨Z⊃A·B 2. B⊃Y≡D 3. Y⊃D Now,  1. Y⊃A·B∨Z⊃A·B           [Distributive property…

Q: 1. ~А — (СЛD) 2. А — В 3. ~В Show that (1) – (3) entails C

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Q: For each of the following statements, construct a truth table and determine whether the following…

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Q: D. Determine the truth value of each proposition, given hat p and q are true propositions and r and…

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Q: The Propositions (~(~q^ (p→q))→) is 1. Tautology 2. Contradiction 3. Not Tautology 4. Equivalent 1 2…

A: The truth table of p→q, p∧q,¬p p q p→q p∧q ¬p T T T T F T F F F F F T T F T F F T F T

Q: 1.-(-p) ~P -(-p) 2. p~(~p) Hint: You will still only have two rows. 3. (p^q) → (qVp) 4. (pa)(ap) 5.…

A: Since you have posted a multi sub part question according to guidelines I will solve first (1,2,3)…

Q: Axiom 1. A → (B → A) Axiom 2. (A → (B → C)) → ((A → B) → (A → C)) Axiom 3. (¬A → ¬B) → (B → A) Proof…

A: "Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: (3) Let P be True, Q be True, R. be False and S be False, evaluate the truth value of the following…

A: Truth table is a type of mathematical table based on the logic statement. It has various expressions…

Q: 2. Construct a formal proof of validity by adding statements to the given premises using rules of…

A: 2 A. Given,           1.      p∧q→r          2.    p/∴q ∧r¯

Q: 20. tautology using any proof method (NOT a truth table). Demonstrate that the following statement…

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Q: อธิบาย

A: English Translation

Q: (C v-D) ^ (B –→¬C)^ (A → D)→ (B →¬A)

A: Question: Prove the following using the IP rule C∨¬D∧B→¬C∧A→D→B→¬A

Q: PROBLEM 1. Consider [( p A (~r)) V (r^(-a))] V (~p V q), to answer the following questions: 1.…

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Q: III. From the given premise. Indicate the rules of inference used and the corresponding premises…

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Q: B A Proved (K²_K²'²') (1-²²k²a) (K+K) ² - (K-K) ² 21P9 A(KIK)- BLK-K') = F (K+K ² ) e A UKK KK 9 e…

A: Given: BA=k2-k'21-e2ik'ak+k'2-k-k'2e2ik'aAnd,Ak+k'-Bk-k'=Fk+k'eik-k'a We have to prove that:…