following transactions affect stockholders' equity during 2021, National League's first year of operations: February 2 Issue 1.5 million shares of common stock for $15 per share. February 4 Issue 400,000 shares of preferred stock for $24 per share. June 15 Purchase 150, 000 shares of its own common stock for $10 per share. August 15 Resell 112,500 shares of treasury stock for $25 per share. November 1 Declare a cash dividend on its common stock of $1.50 per share and a $400,000 (5% of par value) cash dividend on its preferred stock payable to all stockholders of record on November 15. (Hint: Dividends are not paid on treasury stock.) November 30 Pay the dividends declared on November 1. 2. Prepare the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. Net income for the year was $4,700,000. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) NATIONAL LEAGUE GEAR Balance Sheet (Stockholders' Equity Section) December 31, 2021 Stockholders' equity: Common stock 24 7,500,000 Preferred stock 8,000,000 Additional paid-in capital Total paid-in capital Retained earnings 15,500,000 Treasury stock Total stockholders' equity $ 15,500,000
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
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