Following are the notes for a line of stadia levels. The elevation of BM-15 is 184.29m. The stadia interval factor is 100.00 and C = 0.381m. Rod readings are taken at height of instrument. Determine the elevations of remaining points and tabulate values accordingly. STA Backsight Foresight DE Elevation VD S VD a (m) (m) a (m) (m) (m) BM-15 -1°40' TP-16 -2°43' 0.97 2°28' TP-17 0°55' 0.83 -4°06' TP-18 2°10' 1.36 -0°36' BM-20 0.94 8°25' S (m) 1.30 0.87 1.01 0.69

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Errors in surveying

An error in surveying is defined as the difference between two or more values of an identical quantity. However, the estimates are never accurate and there will always be a degree of variability regardless of the research tool or method used. These differences are known as errors that need to be reduced or eliminated to maintain certain levels of accuracy. Even if you carefully follow the prescribed test procedures, the considerations may contain errors.