Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
How many chiral carbons in this molecule
![### Fischer Projection of a Monosaccharide
The image shows a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, which is a type of simple sugar.
#### Structure:
- **Carbon Backbone:**
- The vertical line represents the carbon chain of the monosaccharide.
- The top carbon is depicted with the group **CH₂OH** and a **C=O** (carbonyl group).
- The other carbons in the chain have either a hydrogen (H) or a hydroxyl group (OH) attached.
- **Functional Groups:**
- From top to bottom, the groups attached to the central carbon atoms are arranged as follows:
1. **CHO** (Aldehyde group)
2. **OH, H** (Alternating on left and right)
3. **OH, H**
4. **CH₂OH** (Primary alcohol)
#### Cyclization Process:
- When this monosaccharide cyclicizes:
- **Carbon [ ]** (dropdown option) bonds to the oxygen on **carbon [ ]** (dropdown option).
- This reaction forms either a **furanose** or a **pyranose** ring structure.
**Note:** Carbon numbering begins from the top of the Fischer projection.
The dropdown box likely allows choices to select which carbons are involved in forming specific types of rings, affecting the shape and function of the resulting sugar molecule.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F8b679e60-461d-4eae-9e08-5b7d5ef4dd3d%2F520f86fd-f9d9-4d7e-a66c-700003752100%2F6orf5mg_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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