Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Fischer Esterification
What is the experimental and theoretical percent yield?

Transcribed Image Text:**Experiment 8: Fischer Esterification (Data Sheet)**
**Running the reaction**
- 1.20 mL of isopentyl alcohol and 1.70 mL of glacial acetic acid were placed in a 5 mL conical vial.
- Three drops of concentrated sulfuric acid were added.
- An air condenser (cooled with a wet paper towel) was added and the mixture was gently refluxed for 60 minutes.
- Upon cooling, two layers formed: the smaller layer making the bottom layer.
**Product isolation**
- After the removal of the air condenser, 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution was added; the mixture was gently mixed leading to foaming (CO₂ formation); the bottom layer was removed.
- Two more extractions with 1 mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution were performed, the last one barely leading to any bubble formation.
- The organic layer was transferred to a clean test tube and dried over three microspatulas of anhydrous sodium sulfate.
- The dry organic layer was transferred to a 3 mL conical vial; a Hickman head was attached and a thermometer placed inside the Hickman head.
- The crude was distilled until only two drops remained in the vial.
**Product characterization**
- 1.05 g of the product.
- B.p.: 138.5-141.5 °C.
- Refractive index: nD¹⁸ = 1.3980.
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