Firms A and B are identical, produce identical products, and are the only firms in a market. Firm A's output is higher than Firm B's. This means that Firm B is the Select one: A. Stackelberg leader. B. Cournot leader. C. Cartel leader. D. Stackelberg follower.
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- Two firms, A and B, sell the same good X in a market with total demand Q = 100 – P. The two firms compete on quantities and decides how much to produce simultaneously. Firm A cost function is C(qA) = 40qA. Firm B cost function is C(qB) = 60qB. 1. Find the best reply functions of both firms and represent them in a graph. 2. Find the quantity produced by each firm in a Nash equilibrium. 3. Find the firms and consumers surplus. 4. Compare the surplus of firms found above with the surplus arising when both firm cooperate to sustain a monopoly outcome. 5. Assume now that A and B compete as in a Stackelberg model. A chooses first and B chooses after observing the choice of A. Find equilibrium quantities produced by each firm and the market equilibrium price.2. Four firms (A, B, C, and D) play a pricing game (i.e. Bertrand). Each firm (i) may choose any price Pi from 0 to ¥, with the goal of maximizing its own profit. Firms A and B have MC = 10, while firms C and D have MC = 20. The firms serve a market with the demand curve Q = 100 – P. All firms produce exactly the same product, so consumers purchase only from the firm with the lowest price. If multiple firms have the same low price, consumers divide their quantities evenly among the low-priced firms. Assume the firms choose price simultaneously. a. There are many equilibria in this simultaneous-move pricing game. Provide one equilibrium combination of prices, and argue that no firm has a unilateral incentive to deviate from these prices. Now assume firm A chooses price first. Firm B observes this choice and then chooses its own price second. Firm C chooses price third, and firm D chooses price last. b. Again, there are many equilibria in this sequential-move pricing game.…Two firms sells an identical product. The demand function for each firm is given: Q = 20 - P, where Q = q1 + q2 is the market demand and P is the price. The cost function for reach firm is given: TCi = 10 + 2qi for i = 1, 2. a) If these two firms collude and they want to maximize their combined profit, how much are the market equilibrium quantity and price? b) If these two firms decide their production simultaneously, how much does each firm produce? What is the market equilibrium price? c) If Firm 1 is a leader who decides the production level first and Firm 2 is a follower, how much does each firm produce? What is the market equilibrium price?
- HP and Sony compete primarily by price. Each firm must choose either a high price or a low price simultaneously. Use the following information to create the profit matrix: If HP and Lenovo both set high prices, HP’s profit is $40 million and Sony’s profit is $35 million. If HP sets high price and Sony sets low price, HP’s profit is $25 million and Sony’s profit is $40 million. If HP sets low price and Sony sets high price, HP’s profit is $50 million and Sony’s profit is $10 million. If HP and Sony set low prices, HP has $20 million and Sony has $15 million. Please answer the follow questions: Does Sony have a dominant strategy? HP? If so, which one? If HP and Sony maximize their profits non-cooperatively, what is the Nash-equilibrium for this profit matrix? Instead, if HP and Sony maximize their joint profits cooperatively, what is the equilibrium? Assume they keep their agreements.1. Suppose we live in a world where the widgets market is a monopolistically competitive market with homogenous firms (i.e. no productivity differences among firms). There are two countries: A and B. In each country, consumer demand for widgets can be written as Q = S x- x (P – P), 30 where n is the number of widget firms, P the price of widget charged by the firm, and P the average price of widget by other firms in the market. Moreover, widget firms in both countries have the same total cost function, which is C = 750 + (5 × Q). It is also given that marginal revenue of each 30Q firm can be written as MR = P – Total demand for widget in country A is SA = 900 and Sg = 1600 in country В. a) Derive the average cost function from the total cost function. What is the marginal cost? b) Calculate the number of firms and the prices of widget in each country when trade is not allowed (that is, calculate na, ng, Pa, PBÌ- c) Calculate the number of firms and the price of widget in the unified…Suppose Eckerd Pharmacy is the only pharmacy in a particular market, but CVS Pharmacy is thinking about entering the market. Absent entry, Eckerd Pharmacy can maximize profits by producing a small quantity. However, by producing a large quantity, Eckerd Pharmacy can attempt to deter entry by reducing prices and, consequently, profits. Eckerd Pharmacy must choose how much to produce first and then CVS Pharmacy will choose whether to enter the industry. The strategies and corresponding profits for Eckerd (E) and CVS Pharmacy (C) are depicted in the decision tree to the right. What is the Nash equilibrium of the game? OA Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the small quantity and CVS Pharmacy will not enter OB. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the large quantity and CVS Pharmacy will enter. C. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the large quantity and CVS Pharmacy will not enter. OD. Eckerd Pharmacy will choose the small quantity and CVS Pharmacy will enter Small Quantity, Large Quantity U Enter Stay Out Enter…
- Coke and Pepsi dominate the cola market. Suppose that the marginal cost of making cola is $2. Assume also that the demand for cola is given by the following table: Price $8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Quantity 5 cans 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Suppose Coke and Pepsi both supply cola. They form a cartel and agree to cooperate on how much soda to produce. In this cartel case, how many bottles of cola would be sold? Type your answer...Match each letter with one answer choiceSuppose two profit-maximising firms, Firm 1 and Firm 2, produce an identical good. The market demand curve is P = 340 - 40 where Q = q1 + q2. The firms face costs TCi = 20gi for i = 1, 2. a) If both firms are price- setters, find the demand curve for each firm. What are the equilibrium quantity, price and profit for each firm?
- There are two soda firms Pepsi and Coke in Bertrand completion . They face demand with the following features: If their price is the lowest Q = 40-.5P, if their price is the same they face demand of half of the market, and if their price is the higher they face demand of zero. Both firms have a marginal cost of 10. Describe each firms reaction functions and the equilibrium price and quantity for each firm. Show your work and clearly mark your answers. Request: Please provide a graph if applicable and don't provide the handwritten answer. Thank you! Your help is much appreciated!Two firms - firm 1 and firm 2 - share a market for a specific product. Both have zero marginal cost. They compete in the manner of Bertrand and the market demand for the product is given by: q = 20 − min{p1, p2}. 1. What are the equilibrium prices and profits? 2. Suppose the two firms have signed a collusion contract, that is, they agree to set the same price and share the market equally. What is the price they would set and what would be their profits? For the following parts, suppose the Bertrand game is played for infinitely many times with discount factor for both firms δ ∈ [0, 1). 3. Let both players adopt the following strategy: start with collusion; maintain the collusive price as long as no one has ever deviated before; otherwise set the Bertrand price. What is the minimum value of δ for which this is a SPNE. 4. Suppose the policy maker has imposed a price floor p = 4, that is, neither firm is allowed to set a price below $4. How does your answer to part 3 change? Is it now…If South Africa increased its production by 1,000 diamonds while Russia stuck to the cartel agreement, South Africa's profit would $ to Why are cartel agreements often not successful? Different firms experience different costs. One party has an incentive to cheat to make more profit. All parties would make more money if everyone increased production.