Finley CompanyEnd-of-Period SpreadsheetFor the Year Ended December 31 Adjusted Trial Balance Income Statement Balance Sheet Account Title Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Cash 16,000 16,000 Accounts Receivable 6,000 6,000 Supplies 2,000 2,000 Equipment 19,000 19,000 Accumulated Depr. 6,000 6,000 Accounts Payable 10,000 10,000 Wages Payable 2,000 2,000 Common Stock 5,000 5,000 Retained Earnings 6,760 6,760 Dividends 1,000 1,000 Fees Earned 45,533 45,533 Wages Expense 19,687 19,687 Rent Expense 6,500 6,500 Depreciation Expense 5,106 5,106 Totals 75,293 75,293 31,293 45,533 44,000 29,760 Net Income (Loss) 14,240 14,240 45,533 45,533 44,000 44,000 The entry to close Income Summary would be debit Income Summary, $14,240, credit Retained Earnings, $14,240 debit Common Stock, $11,760; credit Income Summary, $11,760 debit Income Summary, $13,240; credit Common Stock, $13,240 debit Common Stock, $31,293; credit Income Summary, $31,293
Reporting Cash Flows
Reporting of cash flows means a statement of cash flow which is a financial statement. A cash flow statement is prepared by gathering all the data regarding inflows and outflows of a company. The cash flow statement includes cash inflows and outflows from various activities such as operating, financing, and investment. Reporting this statement is important because it is the main financial statement of the company.
Balance Sheet
A balance sheet is an integral part of the set of financial statements of an organization that reports the assets, liabilities, equity (shareholding) capital, other short and long-term debts, along with other related items. A balance sheet is one of the most critical measures of the financial performance and position of the company, and as the name suggests, the statement must balance the assets against the liabilities and equity. The assets are what the company owns, and the liabilities represent what the company owes. Equity represents the amount invested in the business, either by the promoters of the company or by external shareholders. The total assets must match total liabilities plus equity.
Financial Statements
Financial statements are written records of an organization which provide a true and real picture of business activities. It shows the financial position and the operating performance of the company. It is prepared at the end of every financial cycle. It includes three main components that are balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement.
Owner's Capital
Before we begin to understand what Owner’s capital is and what Equity financing is to an organization, it is important to understand some basic accounting terminologies. A double-entry bookkeeping system Normal account balances are those which are expected to have either a debit balance or a credit balance, depending on the nature of the account. An asset account will have a debit balance as normal balance because an asset is a debit account. Similarly, a liability account will have the normal balance as a credit balance because it is amount owed, representing a credit account. Equity is also said to have a credit balance as its normal balance. However, sometimes the normal balances may be reversed, often due to incorrect journal or posting entries or other accounting/ clerical errors.
| Finley Company End-of-Period Spreadsheet For the Year Ended December 31 |
||||||
| Adjusted |
Income Statement | |||||
| Account Title | Debit | Credit | Debit | Credit | Debit | Credit |
| Cash | 16,000 | 16,000 | ||||
| 6,000 | 6,000 | |||||
| Supplies | 2,000 | 2,000 | ||||
| Equipment | 19,000 | 19,000 | ||||
| Accumulated Depr. | 6,000 | 6,000 | ||||
| Accounts Payable | 10,000 | 10,000 | ||||
| Wages Payable | 2,000 | 2,000 | ||||
| Common Stock | 5,000 | 5,000 | ||||
| 6,760 | 6,760 | |||||
| Dividends | 1,000 | 1,000 | ||||
| Fees Earned | 45,533 | 45,533 | ||||
| Wages Expense | 19,687 | 19,687 | ||||
| Rent Expense | 6,500 | 6,500 | ||||
| 5,106 | 5,106 | |||||
| Totals | 75,293 | 75,293 | 31,293 | 45,533 | 44,000 | 29,760 |
| Net Income (Loss) | 14,240 | 14,240 | ||||
| 45,533 | 45,533 | 44,000 | 44,000 |
The entry to close Income Summary would be
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