Find the height of a conical spoil bank created by the excavation of 400 BCM of moist common earth to the nearest 10th of a meter. Use values from Table 2-5 and 2-6 for swell and angle of
Find the height of a conical spoil bank created by the excavation of 400 BCM of moist common earth to the nearest 10th of a meter. Use values from Table 2-5 and 2-6 for swell and angle of
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
I attached the tables
Transcribed Image Text:Find the height of a conical spoil bank created by
the excavation of 400 BCM of moist common
earth to the nearest 10th of a meter. Use values
from Table 2-5 and 2-6 for swell and angle of
repose.
![Table 2-5 Typical soil weight and volume change characteristics*
Unit Weight [Ib/cu yd (kg/m³)]
Swell Shrinkage
(%)
Load
Shrinkage
Factor
Loose
Bank
Compacted
(%)
Factor
Clay
Common earth
Rock (blasted)
Sand and
gravel
2310 (1370)
2480 (1471)
3060 (1815)
3000 (1780)
3100 (1839)
4600 (2729)
3750 (2225)
3450 (2047)
3550 (2106)
30
20
10
-30**
0.80
0.90
1.30**
0.77
25
0.80
50
0.67
2860 (1697)
3200 (1899)
3650 (2166)
12
12
0.89
0.88
*Exact values vary with grain size distribution, moisture, compaction, and other factors. Tests are required to determine
exact values for a specific soil.
**Compacted rock is less dense than is in-place rock.
2-5 SPOIL BANKS
When planning and estimating earthwork, it is frequently necessary to determine the size
of the pile of material that will be created by the material removed from the excavation. If
the pile of material is long in relation to its width, it is referred to as a spoil bank. Spoil
banks are characterized by a triangular cross section. If the material is dumped from a fixed
position, a spoil pile is created which has a conical shape. To determine the dimensions of
spoil banks or piles, it is first necessary to convert the volume of excavation from in-place
conditions (BCY or BCM) to loose conditions (LCY or LCM). Bank or pile dimensions
may then be calculated using Equations 2–10 to 2–13 if the soil's angle of repose is known.
A soil's angle of repose is the angle that the sides of a spoil bank or pile naturally form
with the horizontal when the excavated soil is dumped onto the pile. The angle of repose
(which represents the equilibrium position of the soil) varies with the soil's physical char-
acteristics and its moisture content. Typical values of angle of repose for common soils are
given in Table 2–6.
EARTHMOVING MATERIALS AND OPERATIONS
31
Table 2-6 Typical values of angle of repose of
excavated soil
Material
Angle of Repose (deg)
Clay
Common earth, dry
Common earth, moist
Gravel
35
32
37
35
Sand, dry
Sand, moist
25
37](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F6f92fb78-56c7-41f9-a099-ff2ebd782d72%2F814a5514-8186-4351-9b10-59e2a4aa911c%2Fzfxnfdr_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:Table 2-5 Typical soil weight and volume change characteristics*
Unit Weight [Ib/cu yd (kg/m³)]
Swell Shrinkage
(%)
Load
Shrinkage
Factor
Loose
Bank
Compacted
(%)
Factor
Clay
Common earth
Rock (blasted)
Sand and
gravel
2310 (1370)
2480 (1471)
3060 (1815)
3000 (1780)
3100 (1839)
4600 (2729)
3750 (2225)
3450 (2047)
3550 (2106)
30
20
10
-30**
0.80
0.90
1.30**
0.77
25
0.80
50
0.67
2860 (1697)
3200 (1899)
3650 (2166)
12
12
0.89
0.88
*Exact values vary with grain size distribution, moisture, compaction, and other factors. Tests are required to determine
exact values for a specific soil.
**Compacted rock is less dense than is in-place rock.
2-5 SPOIL BANKS
When planning and estimating earthwork, it is frequently necessary to determine the size
of the pile of material that will be created by the material removed from the excavation. If
the pile of material is long in relation to its width, it is referred to as a spoil bank. Spoil
banks are characterized by a triangular cross section. If the material is dumped from a fixed
position, a spoil pile is created which has a conical shape. To determine the dimensions of
spoil banks or piles, it is first necessary to convert the volume of excavation from in-place
conditions (BCY or BCM) to loose conditions (LCY or LCM). Bank or pile dimensions
may then be calculated using Equations 2–10 to 2–13 if the soil's angle of repose is known.
A soil's angle of repose is the angle that the sides of a spoil bank or pile naturally form
with the horizontal when the excavated soil is dumped onto the pile. The angle of repose
(which represents the equilibrium position of the soil) varies with the soil's physical char-
acteristics and its moisture content. Typical values of angle of repose for common soils are
given in Table 2–6.
EARTHMOVING MATERIALS AND OPERATIONS
31
Table 2-6 Typical values of angle of repose of
excavated soil
Material
Angle of Repose (deg)
Clay
Common earth, dry
Common earth, moist
Gravel
35
32
37
35
Sand, dry
Sand, moist
25
37
Expert Solution
This question has been solved!
Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.
This is a popular solution!
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, civil-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Recommended textbooks for you
Structural Analysis (10th Edition)
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9780134610672
Author:
Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:
PEARSON
Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou…
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9781337705028
Author:
Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Structural Analysis (10th Edition)
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9780134610672
Author:
Russell C. Hibbeler
Publisher:
PEARSON
Principles of Foundation Engineering (MindTap Cou…
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9781337705028
Author:
Braja M. Das, Nagaratnam Sivakugan
Publisher:
Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of Structural Analysis
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9780073398006
Author:
Kenneth M. Leet Emeritus, Chia-Ming Uang, Joel Lanning
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Education
Traffic and Highway Engineering
Civil Engineering
ISBN:
9781305156241
Author:
Garber, Nicholas J.
Publisher:
Cengage Learning