Figures 2 and 3 on the next page provide information from different studies on the ages at which growth plates in humans close (fuse).    Using the information in these figures, what can you determine about the age of the person whose x-ray is Figure 1? Explain your answer by referencing the figures. Explain why it makes sense the distal tibial and fibular growth plates close at the same time. It might help to imagine what would happen if they didn’t.

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Figures 2 and 3 on the next page provide information from different studies on the ages at which growth plates in humans close (fuse). 

 

Using the information in these figures, what can you determine about the age of the person whose x-ray is Figure 1? Explain your answer by referencing the figures.

Explain why it makes sense the distal tibial and fibular growth plates close at the same time. It might help to imagine what would happen if they didn’t.

### Epiphyseal Union Age Guide in Major Centers

This diagram provides a visual and tabular representation of the approximate ages at which epiphyseal union occurs in males, with the understanding that females generally experience this slightly earlier. The data is relevant for non-tropical climates and lists both the partial and complete union ages.

#### Diagram Explanation
The illustration features a human skeleton with labels indicating the range of ages for different bones or bone parts where epiphyseal union happens. Next to each labeled part on the skeleton is a numeric range representing the years.

#### Table Description
The table outlines specific bones and the corresponding age ranges (in years) during which epiphyseal union is typically observed. The columns are organized as follows:

- **Bone Part**
  
  - Head of femur: 16–19 years
  - Greater trochanter: 16–19 years
  - Lesser trochanter: 16–19 years
  - Head of humerus: 16–23 years
  - Distal humerus: 13–16 years
  - Medial epicondyle: 16–17 years
  - Proximal radius: 14–17 years
  - Proximal ulna: 14–17 years
  - Distal radius: 18–21 years
  - Distal ulna: 18–21 years
  - Metacarpals: 14–17 years
  - Acromion: 17–19 years
  - Distal femur: 17–20 years
  - Proximal tibia: 17–19 years
  - Proximal fibula: 16–21 years
  - Distal tibia: 16–19 years
  - Distal fibula: 16–19 years
  - Metatarsals: 15–17 years
  - Iliac crest: 18–22 years
  - Primary elements pelvis: 14–16 years
  - Sternal clavicle: 23–28 years
  - Acromial clavicle: 18–21 years

**Reference**: 
Knight, "A guide to the age of epiphyseal union in the major centers," Forensic Pathology, 2nd ed., 1996.
Transcribed Image Text:### Epiphyseal Union Age Guide in Major Centers This diagram provides a visual and tabular representation of the approximate ages at which epiphyseal union occurs in males, with the understanding that females generally experience this slightly earlier. The data is relevant for non-tropical climates and lists both the partial and complete union ages. #### Diagram Explanation The illustration features a human skeleton with labels indicating the range of ages for different bones or bone parts where epiphyseal union happens. Next to each labeled part on the skeleton is a numeric range representing the years. #### Table Description The table outlines specific bones and the corresponding age ranges (in years) during which epiphyseal union is typically observed. The columns are organized as follows: - **Bone Part** - Head of femur: 16–19 years - Greater trochanter: 16–19 years - Lesser trochanter: 16–19 years - Head of humerus: 16–23 years - Distal humerus: 13–16 years - Medial epicondyle: 16–17 years - Proximal radius: 14–17 years - Proximal ulna: 14–17 years - Distal radius: 18–21 years - Distal ulna: 18–21 years - Metacarpals: 14–17 years - Acromion: 17–19 years - Distal femur: 17–20 years - Proximal tibia: 17–19 years - Proximal fibula: 16–21 years - Distal tibia: 16–19 years - Distal fibula: 16–19 years - Metatarsals: 15–17 years - Iliac crest: 18–22 years - Primary elements pelvis: 14–16 years - Sternal clavicle: 23–28 years - Acromial clavicle: 18–21 years **Reference**: Knight, "A guide to the age of epiphyseal union in the major centers," Forensic Pathology, 2nd ed., 1996.
**Epiphyseal Union Ages in Human Population**

The image displays a skeletal diagram with labeled bone regions alongside a bar graph illustrating the average ages at which epiphyseal union occurs for various bones in a human population. 

**Skeletal Diagram Labels:**

- **Medial Clavicle**
- **Scapular Acromion**
- **Scapular Medial Border**
- **Humeral Proximal End**
- **Humeral Medial Epicondyle**
- **Proximal Radius**
- **Proximal Ulna**
- **Distal Radius**
- **Distal Ulna**
- **Iliac Crest**
- **Ischium**
- **Femoral Head**
- **Distal Femur**
- **Proximal Tibia**
- **Proximal Fibular**
- **Distal Tibia**
- **Distal Fibula**

**Bar Graph Details:**

- The X-axis represents age in years, ranging from 0 to 32.
- Each horizontal bar corresponds to a different bone or joint, indicating the age range during which epiphyseal union typically occurs.
- The left endpoint of each bar represents the earliest age observed for union, while the right endpoint marks the latest.
  
**Key Data Points:**

- **Spheno-occipital synchondrosis:** Union occurs between ages 18 to 22.
- **Medial Clavicle Epiphysis:** Union typically happens from 21 to 32 years.
- **Sacrum (S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S5):** Union ages range from 13 to 18.
- **Distal Radius:** Union observed between ages 16 to 19.
- **Femur (greater trochanter, head/lesser trochanter, distal):** Union occurs from around 12 to 20 years.
- **Tibia (proximal, distal):** Union occurs between 16 to 20 years.
- **Humerus (medial epiphysis, distal):** Union ranges from 11 to 16.
  
Understanding these age ranges is crucial for forensic science and anthropology, helping determine age at the time of death and studying growth patterns in populations.
Transcribed Image Text:**Epiphyseal Union Ages in Human Population** The image displays a skeletal diagram with labeled bone regions alongside a bar graph illustrating the average ages at which epiphyseal union occurs for various bones in a human population. **Skeletal Diagram Labels:** - **Medial Clavicle** - **Scapular Acromion** - **Scapular Medial Border** - **Humeral Proximal End** - **Humeral Medial Epicondyle** - **Proximal Radius** - **Proximal Ulna** - **Distal Radius** - **Distal Ulna** - **Iliac Crest** - **Ischium** - **Femoral Head** - **Distal Femur** - **Proximal Tibia** - **Proximal Fibular** - **Distal Tibia** - **Distal Fibula** **Bar Graph Details:** - The X-axis represents age in years, ranging from 0 to 32. - Each horizontal bar corresponds to a different bone or joint, indicating the age range during which epiphyseal union typically occurs. - The left endpoint of each bar represents the earliest age observed for union, while the right endpoint marks the latest. **Key Data Points:** - **Spheno-occipital synchondrosis:** Union occurs between ages 18 to 22. - **Medial Clavicle Epiphysis:** Union typically happens from 21 to 32 years. - **Sacrum (S1-S2, S2-S3, S3-S5):** Union ages range from 13 to 18. - **Distal Radius:** Union observed between ages 16 to 19. - **Femur (greater trochanter, head/lesser trochanter, distal):** Union occurs from around 12 to 20 years. - **Tibia (proximal, distal):** Union occurs between 16 to 20 years. - **Humerus (medial epiphysis, distal):** Union ranges from 11 to 16. Understanding these age ranges is crucial for forensic science and anthropology, helping determine age at the time of death and studying growth patterns in populations.
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