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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Refer to the figures above: 41) Which figure displays the rate of bacterial growth in a living animal? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 42) Which figure tests the effects of one or more lymphocytes? a) Figure A b) Figure C c) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 43) Which figure demonstrates that addition of effector PCs leads to bacterial death? a) Figure A b) Figure C C) Both d) Neither e) Cannot be determined 44) Based on these figures, Listeria infection control is most directly due to which effector cell: a) CTL b) T helper c) Macrophage d) Basophil d) None of the above
### Transcription for Educational Purposes

#### Figure A: T Lymphocytes Adoptively Transfer Specific Immunity

- **Y-axis**: Number of viable *Listeria* organisms in spleen (log10)
- **X-axis**: Days post-infection
- **Key**:
  - Brown line with crosses: Immune T cells
  - Blue line with squares: Nonimmune T cells

This graph shows that the number of *Listeria* organisms in the spleen increases over time when nonimmune T cells are present, while it remains low with immune T cells.

#### Figure C: Only Activated Macrophages Kill *Listeria* In Vitro

- **Y-axis**: Percentage killing of *Listeria* in vitro
- **X-axis**: Leukocytes added (×10^6)
- **Key**:
  - Purple line with crosses: Immune T cells
  - Orange line with squares: Resting macrophages
  - Green line with triangles: Activated macrophages 

This graph illustrates how different types of immune cells kill *Listeria* in vitro. Activated macrophages show a significant increase in killing efficiency as the number of leukocytes increases.

#### Questions

41) Which figure displays the rate of bacterial growth in a living animal?
   - a) Figure A
   - b) Figure C
   - c) Both
   - d) Neither
   - e) Cannot be determined

42) Which figure tests the effects of one or more lymphocytes?
   - a) Figure A
   - b) Figure C
   - c) Both
   - d) Neither
   - e) Cannot be determined

43) Which figure demonstrates that addition of effector APCs leads to bacterial death?
   - a) Figure A
   - b) Figure C
   - c) Both
   - d) Neither
   - e) Cannot be determined

44) Based on these figures, *Listeria* infection control is most directly due to which effector cell:
   - a) CTL
   - b) T helper
   - c) Macrophage
   - d) Basophil
   - e) None of the above

These graphs and accompanying questions are designed to help students understand the role of specific immune cells in controlling *Listeria* infections.
Transcribed Image Text:### Transcription for Educational Purposes #### Figure A: T Lymphocytes Adoptively Transfer Specific Immunity - **Y-axis**: Number of viable *Listeria* organisms in spleen (log10) - **X-axis**: Days post-infection - **Key**: - Brown line with crosses: Immune T cells - Blue line with squares: Nonimmune T cells This graph shows that the number of *Listeria* organisms in the spleen increases over time when nonimmune T cells are present, while it remains low with immune T cells. #### Figure C: Only Activated Macrophages Kill *Listeria* In Vitro - **Y-axis**: Percentage killing of *Listeria* in vitro - **X-axis**: Leukocytes added (×10^6) - **Key**: - Purple line with crosses: Immune T cells - Orange line with squares: Resting macrophages - Green line with triangles: Activated macrophages This graph illustrates how different types of immune cells kill *Listeria* in vitro. Activated macrophages show a significant increase in killing efficiency as the number of leukocytes increases. #### Questions 41) Which figure displays the rate of bacterial growth in a living animal? - a) Figure A - b) Figure C - c) Both - d) Neither - e) Cannot be determined 42) Which figure tests the effects of one or more lymphocytes? - a) Figure A - b) Figure C - c) Both - d) Neither - e) Cannot be determined 43) Which figure demonstrates that addition of effector APCs leads to bacterial death? - a) Figure A - b) Figure C - c) Both - d) Neither - e) Cannot be determined 44) Based on these figures, *Listeria* infection control is most directly due to which effector cell: - a) CTL - b) T helper - c) Macrophage - d) Basophil - e) None of the above These graphs and accompanying questions are designed to help students understand the role of specific immune cells in controlling *Listeria* infections.
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