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Figure BA-4. Composite view of Aqua MOCKS chiorophyl concentration of dala collected during two orbits of the 1 16. In Figure 8A-4, coastal areas tend to be productive than the open ocean. a less b. more c. seasonal Particularly productive coastal regions are located at the mouths of major rivers, which deliver large amounts of nutrients to the ocean similar to upwelling delivery of nutrients to the surface 17. In Figure 8A-4, the coastal areas at the mouths of the Mississippi River, the Amazon River, the Platte River, the Congo River, and the Indus and Ganges Rivers have concentrations of chlorophy indicating they have a somewhat lower than b. the same as c. somewhat higher than 19. The band of high productivity along the a low... high b. high... high c. low low d. high... low Beyond the nutrients from upwelling and nutrient variability, solar variability also affects productivity. For example, at high latitudes such as in the Arctic and Southem Ocean, productivity is also conted by la variability marine productivity in the subtropical ocean basins to the north and wh 18. Figure 8A-4 also shows that in the broad expanses of the Pacific Ocean, marine productivity along the equator is & upwelling b. downwelling 601 is due to 0:00 61 03 MARS intrument on 10 DEC 2018 NASA L e seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found & in the Southern Ocean P..

Figure BA-4. Composite view of Aqua MOCKS chiorophyl concentration of dala collected during two orbits of the 1 16. In Figure 8A-4, coastal areas tend to be productive than the open ocean. a less b. more c. seasonal Particularly productive coastal regions are located at the mouths of major rivers, which deliver large amounts of nutrients to the ocean similar to upwelling delivery of nutrients to the surface 17. In Figure 8A-4, the coastal areas at the mouths of the Mississippi River, the Amazon River, the Platte River, the Congo River, and the Indus and Ganges Rivers have concentrations of chlorophy indicating they have a somewhat lower than b. the same as c. somewhat higher than 19. The band of high productivity along the a low... high b. high... high c. low low d. high... low Beyond the nutrients from upwelling and nutrient variability, solar variability also affects productivity. For example, at high latitudes such as in the Arctic and Southem Ocean, productivity is also conted by la variability marine productivity in the subtropical ocean basins to the north and wh 18. Figure 8A-4 also shows that in the broad expanses of the Pacific Ocean, marine productivity along the equator is & upwelling b. downwelling 601 is due to 0:00 61 03 MARS intrument on 10 DEC 2018 NASA L e seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found & in the Southern Ocean P..

Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN:9780134746241
Author:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
Publisher:Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Dennis G. Tasa
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Contents tal Impacts of ng, and Ocean nd Food Webs n ure, and Surface , The Atmosphere- and to Sea Climate System mate Change Ocean Ocean x 102 112 123 135 145 154 166 176 188 200 211 222 231 242 255 Q141 < 6572975?cfi=%2F4%2F2%5BInvestigation08A%5D%2F156%2C%2F1%3A0%2C%2F1%3A0&menu=table-... ☆ + Figure SA-3. Examples of phytoplankton shells, diatom (eft) and coccolthophore (ight). Every species produces a different variation on the shell patter and formation (eft) R. Femmer USGS, Link A4 (ght) NEON ja Wikipedia Link Phytoplankton thrive with high nutrient concentrations and sunlight, and produce shells so they remain buoyant and stay within the photic zone, where photosynthesis is possible. The part of phytoplankton that absorb, to manufacture organic carbon, is chlorophyll. Special satellite sensors monitor reflected radiation sensitive to the color of organic carbon, specifically the green color of chlorophyll. The visible radiation reflected to space by the ocean (ocean color) provides a measure of the concentration of chlorophyll in surface waters and thereby an estimate of primary production. As the concentration of phytoplankton increases, the ocean also becomes green, as seen in the 10 December 2018 satellite image of the Canary Upwelling System in Link BA-6. originating from the Suomi-NPP/VIIRS instrument. is associated the eddies that are generated when the North Atlantic's eastern boundary current flows past the complex coastal topography of Northwest Africa. eddies that are generated when the boundary current in each hemisphere. The Canary Upwelling System exports phytoplankton-fixed carbon hundreds of kilometers into the North Atlantic Ocean through Ekman transport and mesoscale filaments and With the data from Earth-orbiting satellites that monitor the color of the ocean, we can examine worldwide chlorophyll concentration, and thus ocean productivity. Figure 8A-4 is a map of ocean color in 2018. Chlorophyll concentration is displayed using a color scale (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) where red indicates the highest annual productivity and the blues and violets indicate the lowest productivity. To access ocean color images, go to Ocean Studies Maps & Links, Biological, "Ocean 'Color" (Productivity)" or click Link 8A-7. More ocean color maps are available at Link 8A-8 a. less b. more c. seasonal 0.01 0:33 01 031 Figure BA-4. Composite view of Aqua MODIS chiorophyll concentration of data collected during two orbits of the Suomi-NPP/VIRS instrument on 10 DEC 2018. INASA, Link 16. In Figure 8A-4, coastal areas tend to be productive than the open ocean. 1. Model Ocean X + a. low... high b. high... high c. low... low d. high... low Particularly productive coastal regions are located at the mouths of major rivers, which deliver large amounts of nutrients to the ocean similar to upwelling delivery of nutrients to the surface. 17. In Figure 8A-4, the coastal areas at the mouths of the Mississippi River, the Amazon River, the Platte River, the Congo River, and the Indus and Ganges Rivers have Chlorophyll a concentration (mg/m³) a. somewhat lower than b. the same as c. somewhat higher than 19. The band of high productivity along the equator is due to a. upwelling b. downwelling Beyond the nutrients from upwelling and nutrient variability, solar variability also affects productivity. For example, at high latitudes such as in the Arctic and Southern Ocean, productivity is also controlled by solar variability 18. Figure 8A-4 also shows that in the broad expanses of the Pacific Ocean, marine productivity along the equator is marine productivity in the subtropical ocean basins to the north and south c. seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found a in the Southern Ocean concentrations of chlorophyll, indicating they have productivity p. 1
Transcribed Image Text:Contents tal Impacts of ng, and Ocean nd Food Webs n ure, and Surface , The Atmosphere- and to Sea Climate System mate Change Ocean Ocean x 102 112 123 135 145 154 166 176 188 200 211 222 231 242 255 Q141 < 6572975?cfi=%2F4%2F2%5BInvestigation08A%5D%2F156%2C%2F1%3A0%2C%2F1%3A0&menu=table-... ☆ + Figure SA-3. Examples of phytoplankton shells, diatom (eft) and coccolthophore (ight). Every species produces a different variation on the shell patter and formation (eft) R. Femmer USGS, Link A4 (ght) NEON ja Wikipedia Link Phytoplankton thrive with high nutrient concentrations and sunlight, and produce shells so they remain buoyant and stay within the photic zone, where photosynthesis is possible. The part of phytoplankton that absorb, to manufacture organic carbon, is chlorophyll. Special satellite sensors monitor reflected radiation sensitive to the color of organic carbon, specifically the green color of chlorophyll. The visible radiation reflected to space by the ocean (ocean color) provides a measure of the concentration of chlorophyll in surface waters and thereby an estimate of primary production. As the concentration of phytoplankton increases, the ocean also becomes green, as seen in the 10 December 2018 satellite image of the Canary Upwelling System in Link BA-6. originating from the Suomi-NPP/VIIRS instrument. is associated the eddies that are generated when the North Atlantic's eastern boundary current flows past the complex coastal topography of Northwest Africa. eddies that are generated when the boundary current in each hemisphere. The Canary Upwelling System exports phytoplankton-fixed carbon hundreds of kilometers into the North Atlantic Ocean through Ekman transport and mesoscale filaments and With the data from Earth-orbiting satellites that monitor the color of the ocean, we can examine worldwide chlorophyll concentration, and thus ocean productivity. Figure 8A-4 is a map of ocean color in 2018. Chlorophyll concentration is displayed using a color scale (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) where red indicates the highest annual productivity and the blues and violets indicate the lowest productivity. To access ocean color images, go to Ocean Studies Maps & Links, Biological, "Ocean 'Color" (Productivity)" or click Link 8A-7. More ocean color maps are available at Link 8A-8 a. less b. more c. seasonal 0.01 0:33 01 031 Figure BA-4. Composite view of Aqua MODIS chiorophyll concentration of data collected during two orbits of the Suomi-NPP/VIRS instrument on 10 DEC 2018. INASA, Link 16. In Figure 8A-4, coastal areas tend to be productive than the open ocean. 1. Model Ocean X + a. low... high b. high... high c. low... low d. high... low Particularly productive coastal regions are located at the mouths of major rivers, which deliver large amounts of nutrients to the ocean similar to upwelling delivery of nutrients to the surface. 17. In Figure 8A-4, the coastal areas at the mouths of the Mississippi River, the Amazon River, the Platte River, the Congo River, and the Indus and Ganges Rivers have Chlorophyll a concentration (mg/m³) a. somewhat lower than b. the same as c. somewhat higher than 19. The band of high productivity along the equator is due to a. upwelling b. downwelling Beyond the nutrients from upwelling and nutrient variability, solar variability also affects productivity. For example, at high latitudes such as in the Arctic and Southern Ocean, productivity is also controlled by solar variability 18. Figure 8A-4 also shows that in the broad expanses of the Pacific Ocean, marine productivity along the equator is marine productivity in the subtropical ocean basins to the north and south c. seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found a in the Southern Ocean concentrations of chlorophyll, indicating they have productivity p. 1
m.virdocs.com/r/s/0/doc/1941719/sp/244855623/mi/716572975?cfi=%2F4%2F2%5BInvestigation08A%5D%2F206%2C%2F1%3A0%2C%2F1%3A0&menu=table.... ☆ Contents oastal Impacts of velling, and Ocean ns and Food Webs ion llyfish Pressure, and Surface a Niña, The Atmosphere- n own om Land to Sea Earth's Climate System and Climate Change ing the Ocean the Upper Ocean x 102 112 123 135 145 154 166 176 188 200 211 222 231 242 255 c. somewhat higher than Q143 < and of high productivity along the equator is due to welling D.downwelling. c. seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found a. in the Southern Ocean b. at the center of ocean gyres c. along the Bering Sea d. along the west coast of South America The productivity zone along the equator in the Indian Ocean is less productive than the Pacific Ocean. This is because the Pacific Ocean is much larger so both the winds and the Coriolis Effect have more time and space to create surface water divergence. Nutrients transported by wind-driven coastal upwelling into the photic zone result in high phytoplankton biomass. While coastal upwelling only accounts for about 1% of the global ocean area, these waters account for up to 50% of the fish harvest. In fact the world's richest fisheries are typically found along coastal upwelling zones. One example is a 25,900-km² (10,000-mi.) region off the west coast of Peru, which yields one of the richest fishing areas in the world. 21. Using Figure 8A-4, rich fisheries are located a. off the northwest coast of Africa b. off the northwest coast of Australia c. off the eastern coast of South America Figure 8A-5 shows variations in marine productivity accompanying changes in wind direction and speed associated with the Indian monsoon. The left composite image in Figure 8A-5 was obtained from May to June when winds were gmerally light and productivity in the Arabian Sea was relatively low. The right composite image in Figure SA-5 was obtained during September to October, when winds were generally stronger and blowing from the southwest from the Horn of Africa, across the Arabian Peninsula and Sea, and into westem India. Figure BA-6. Marine productivity in the Arabian Sea in (4) May June and (b) September October NASA GSFC. LA 22. In Figure 8A-5B, the September October (right) wind pattern transports coastal surface waters_producing_________ a onshore... upwelling b. onshore... downwelling c. offshore... upwelling d. offshore... downwelling 23. The patterns in Figure BA-58 for September-October (right) indicates that the level of marine productivity is a high b. low 24. Comparing both patterns in Figure 8A-5A to Figure 8A-5B, you can see that levels of marine productivity seasonal in the Arabian Sea a. are b. are not + - Summary The impact of winds on the vertical circulation of ocean water, especially in coastal regions, is a prime example of ocean-atmosphere interaction. Under certain wind conditions, coastal upwelling brings tri-cich water to the site and biological production. Under different wind conditions, downwelling reduces biological activity. Most upwelling areas are among the ocean's most biologically productive regions, supporting rich fisheries DD $19 □: p. 143 > p. 144
Transcribed Image Text:m.virdocs.com/r/s/0/doc/1941719/sp/244855623/mi/716572975?cfi=%2F4%2F2%5BInvestigation08A%5D%2F206%2C%2F1%3A0%2C%2F1%3A0&menu=table.... ☆ Contents oastal Impacts of velling, and Ocean ns and Food Webs ion llyfish Pressure, and Surface a Niña, The Atmosphere- n own om Land to Sea Earth's Climate System and Climate Change ing the Ocean the Upper Ocean x 102 112 123 135 145 154 166 176 188 200 211 222 231 242 255 c. somewhat higher than Q143 < and of high productivity along the equator is due to welling D.downwelling. c. seasonal nutrient variability d. seasonal solar variability 20. The regions of low primary productivity can be found a. in the Southern Ocean b. at the center of ocean gyres c. along the Bering Sea d. along the west coast of South America The productivity zone along the equator in the Indian Ocean is less productive than the Pacific Ocean. This is because the Pacific Ocean is much larger so both the winds and the Coriolis Effect have more time and space to create surface water divergence. Nutrients transported by wind-driven coastal upwelling into the photic zone result in high phytoplankton biomass. While coastal upwelling only accounts for about 1% of the global ocean area, these waters account for up to 50% of the fish harvest. In fact the world's richest fisheries are typically found along coastal upwelling zones. One example is a 25,900-km² (10,000-mi.) region off the west coast of Peru, which yields one of the richest fishing areas in the world. 21. Using Figure 8A-4, rich fisheries are located a. off the northwest coast of Africa b. off the northwest coast of Australia c. off the eastern coast of South America Figure 8A-5 shows variations in marine productivity accompanying changes in wind direction and speed associated with the Indian monsoon. The left composite image in Figure 8A-5 was obtained from May to June when winds were gmerally light and productivity in the Arabian Sea was relatively low. The right composite image in Figure SA-5 was obtained during September to October, when winds were generally stronger and blowing from the southwest from the Horn of Africa, across the Arabian Peninsula and Sea, and into westem India. Figure BA-6. Marine productivity in the Arabian Sea in (4) May June and (b) September October NASA GSFC. LA 22. In Figure 8A-5B, the September October (right) wind pattern transports coastal surface waters_producing_________ a onshore... upwelling b. onshore... downwelling c. offshore... upwelling d. offshore... downwelling 23. The patterns in Figure BA-58 for September-October (right) indicates that the level of marine productivity is a high b. low 24. Comparing both patterns in Figure 8A-5A to Figure 8A-5B, you can see that levels of marine productivity seasonal in the Arabian Sea a. are b. are not + - Summary The impact of winds on the vertical circulation of ocean water, especially in coastal regions, is a prime example of ocean-atmosphere interaction. Under certain wind conditions, coastal upwelling brings tri-cich water to the site and biological production. Under different wind conditions, downwelling reduces biological activity. Most upwelling areas are among the ocean's most biologically productive regions, supporting rich fisheries DD $19 □: p. 143 > p. 144
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