Figure 7.4 shows two 11 kV generators feeding a 132 kV double circuit line through gen- erator transformers. Each 132 kV line is 40 km long and with an inductive reactance of 0.40/km. Calculate the fault level for a three-phase fault at: Gen.1 11 kV 125 MVA X = 28% 11/132 kV 125 MVA X = 18% 40km B a. Point A on the busbar close to generator 1. b. Point B at the mid-point of one of the lines. A Gen.2 11 kV 75 MVA X = 18% 132/11 KV 90 MVA X = 12% Use a 100 MVA base for the calculation, express your answer in Amperes and ignore the effect of any system loads.

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Fault Analysis

In an electrical engineering system, a fault is an abnormal electric current flowing through the system, and fault analysis is the study of these faults. For instance, a short-circuit is a fault where the live wire touches the ground or neutral wire. If a circuit is interrupted by a failure of a current-carrying wire then an open circuit fault occurs. The open-circuit faults are also called series faults. One or more phases or ground may be involved in a three-phase fault or may occur only between two phases. Current flows into the earth in case of a ground fault or earth fault. For most situations, the prospective short circuit current of a fault that is predictable can be calculated. To limit the loss of service because of a failure, the protective devices can detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers and also other devices. All phases equally can be affected in a poly-phase system which is known as symmetric electrical fault. The asymmetric fault becomes more complicated to analyze if only some phases are affected. By using methods such as symmetrical components, the power system analysis of these types of faults is often simplified. The main objective of power system protection is to design, detect, and interrupt power system faults.