FIGURE 5-11 After conjugation, crossovers are needed to integrate genes from the donor fragment into the recipient's chromosome and, hence, Crossovers integrate parts of the transferred donor fragment Hfr F- become a stable part of its genome. LaunchPad ANIMATED ART: Bacterial conjugation and recombination Transfer of single-stranded DNA copy b- a Exconjugant Transferred fragment converted into double helix Exogenote Endogenote- Recombinant -Lost Double crossover inserts donor DNA Putting all these observations together, Wollman and Jacob deduced that, in the conjugating Hfr, single-stranded DNA transfer begins from a fixed point on the donor chromosome, termed the origin (O), and continues in a linear fashion. The point O is now known to be the site at which the F plasmid is inserted. The farther a gene is from 0, the later it is transferred to the F~. The transfer process will generally stop before the farthermost genes are transferred, and, as a result, these genes are included in fewer exconjugants. Note that a type of chromosome map can be produced in units of minutes, based on time of entry of marked genes. In the example in Figure 5-12, the map would be:
FIGURE 5-11 After conjugation, crossovers are needed to integrate genes from the donor fragment into the recipient's chromosome and, hence, Crossovers integrate parts of the transferred donor fragment Hfr F- become a stable part of its genome. LaunchPad ANIMATED ART: Bacterial conjugation and recombination Transfer of single-stranded DNA copy b- a Exconjugant Transferred fragment converted into double helix Exogenote Endogenote- Recombinant -Lost Double crossover inserts donor DNA Putting all these observations together, Wollman and Jacob deduced that, in the conjugating Hfr, single-stranded DNA transfer begins from a fixed point on the donor chromosome, termed the origin (O), and continues in a linear fashion. The point O is now known to be the site at which the F plasmid is inserted. The farther a gene is from 0, the later it is transferred to the F~. The transfer process will generally stop before the farthermost genes are transferred, and, as a result, these genes are included in fewer exconjugants. Note that a type of chromosome map can be produced in units of minutes, based on time of entry of marked genes. In the example in Figure 5-12, the map would be:
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
Question
In Figure 5-11, which donor alleles become part of the
recombinant genome produced?
Transcribed Image Text:FIGURE 5-11 After conjugation,
crossovers are needed to integrate genes
from the donor fragment into the
recipient's chromosome and, hence,
Crossovers integrate parts of the transferred donor fragment
Hfr
F-
become a stable part of its genome.
LaunchPad ANIMATED ART: Bacterial
conjugation and recombination
Transfer of
single-stranded
DNA copy
b- a
Exconjugant
Transferred
fragment
converted
into double helix
Exogenote
Endogenote-
Recombinant
-Lost
Double crossover
inserts
donor DNA
Putting all these observations together, Wollman and Jacob deduced that, in
the conjugating Hfr, single-stranded DNA transfer begins from a fixed point on
the donor chromosome, termed the origin (O), and continues in a linear fashion.
The point O is now known to be the site at which the F plasmid is inserted. The
farther a gene is from 0, the later it is transferred to the F~. The transfer process
will generally stop before the farthermost genes are transferred, and, as a result,
these genes are included in fewer exconjugants. Note that a type of chromosome
map can be produced in units of minutes, based on time of entry of marked genes.
In the example in Figure 5-12, the map would be:
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