Answered: FIGURE 15.21 The vertical motion of the…

FIGURE 15.21 The vertical motion of the ground during the passage of an earthquake wave. y (cm) 60 - 40 - 20 20 40 -t (s) 60 -20 -40 - -60-

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Question

Earthquakes are dramatic slips of the earth’s crust. You may feel the waves generated by an earthquake even if you’re some distance from the epicenter, the point where the slippage occurs. Earthquake waves are usually complicated, but some of the longperiod waves shake the ground with motion that is approximately simple harmonic motion. as shown the vertical positions of the ground recorded at a distant monitoring station following an earthquake that hit Japan in 2003. This particular wave
traveled with a speed of 3500 m/s.
a. Was the wave transverse or longitudinal?
b. What were the wave’s frequency and wavelength?
c. What were the maximum speed and the maximum acceleration of the ground during this earthquake wave?
d. Intense earthquake waves produce accelerations greater than the free-fall acceleration of gravity. How does this wave compare?

FIGURE 15.21 The vertical motion of the ground during the
passage of an earthquake wave.
y (cm)
60 -
40 -
20
20
40
-t (s)
60
-20
-40 -
-60-

Definition Definition Special type of oscillation where the force of restoration is directly proportional to the displacement of the object from its mean or initial position. If an object is in motion such that the acceleration of the object is directly proportional to its displacement (which helps the moving object return to its resting position) then the object is said to undergo a simple harmonic motion. An object undergoing SHM always moves like a wave.

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