Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) as defined in RFC 3168 requires one bit to indicate whether the end- points are ECN capable. What would be the downside of not having this bit?
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- 19. ARP is used for: O packet path determination O finding of a mapping IPV6 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → MAC address O finding of a mapping IPV4 → TCP addressProblem 3 Consider the problem of deciding whether to implement a virtual- circuit or a datagram network. Assume a network protocol that allows the system to operate as either a virtual circuit network or a datagram network. That is, its packet header format is specified such that it incorporates both a VCI (Virtual Circuit Identifier) and an arbitrary source/destination addresses. When operating as a virtual circuit, it requires a 4-byte header. When operating as a datagram network, it requires a 40-byte header. Assume that there are 4 hops from source to destination, and that a set up or tear down request packet is 80 bytes (including the header). The total message length is 4096 bytes, the data rate is 9600 bps on all links and the packet size is 256 bytes (including the header). i) If we operate in the datagram mode, how long does it take for the first packet to reach the destination? If we operate in virtual-circuit mode, how long does it take for the first packet to reach the…For NAT Network Address Translation Scenario: Jenny Bello is a small business owner selling and making customized computer peripherals. She has been finding it difficult to track her sales and inventories, however recently after an expert's advice, she adopted a Point of Sale (PoS) server. So, she can now track her sales and inventories at the store. However, she ran into another issue, the server can only be accessed within the store, because it has been assigned a private IPv4 address, it is not publicly accessible via the Internet. a) Why is not having the PoS server accessible over the Internet a problem for the business? b) What caused this problem? c) Propose a solution for the problem and explain how the solution works.
- Consider a TCP segment originating on a host running a Google Chrome Browser destined for the TU Dublin Webserver: (1) Separately identify how the port numbers are assigned for the client and server applications and, identify the range from which these port numbers are allocated. (ii) Identify the byte order used to represent these addresses within the segment header. (iii) If a port number contained in the segment header is passed to the Application layer, identify the function used to convert it to the correct byte order within the application.In Book computer networking a top-down approach sixth edition 4.4 (Network Address Translation (NAT)) I need to find ( NAT translation table) but for 6 address not for one this is the Question: [ Consider the home network setup in Figure 3. Suppose each host of the3 hosts has two ongoing TCP connections, all to port 80 at host 118.1.40.86. Provide the sixcorresponding entries in the NAT translation table]Discuss the invocation semantics that can be achieved when the request-reply protocol is implemented over a TCP/IP connection, which guarantees that data is delivered in the order sent, without loss or duplication. {Note: Take into account all of the conditions causing a connection to be broken}
- d) State all the random access protocols and controlled access protocols. Explain why collision is an issue in random access protocols but not in controlled access protocols.Explain why collision is an issue in a random-access protocol but not in reservation or channel partitioning protocols.4. The original HTTP protocol used TCP/IP as the underlying protocol. For each page, graphic, or applet, a separate TCP connection was constructed, used, and terminated. This caused several problems: one referred to as the elephant and mice problem and two aspects of connection overhead. Describe both problems. Why were separate connections used? Would UDP rather than TCP be a good alternative? What solution would you propose to these problems to improve HTTP performance?
- 3.5-4 TCP sequence numbers and ACKs (2). Suppose that as shown in the figure below, a TCP sender is sending segments with 100 bytes of payload. The TCP sender sends five segments with sequence numbers 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500. Suppose that the segment with sequence number 300 is lost. The TCP receiver will buffer correctly-received but not-yet-in-order segments for later delivery to the application layer (once missing segments are later received).The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite (IP), and is so common that the entire suite is often called TCP/IP. A TCP connection is managed by an operating system through a programming interface that represents the local end-point for communications, the Internet socket. During the lifetime of a TCP connection the local end-point undergoes a series of state changes. These states are: (1) TCPEstablished: connection is on and ready for data transfer, (2) TCPCLosed, connection is off, and (3)TCPListen, TCP is listening for connection requests. The TCP Connection performs three operations, where the behavior of the operations changes as the state of the connection changes. These operations are: (1) open, (2) close, and (3) Acknowledge. What design pattern best suites your needs? 1. Chain of responsibility 2. Strategy 3. Command 4. StateAsap