Explain what is meant by the following embryological structures Foramen ovale Endocardial cushions – Ductus arteriosus – Which TWO of the structures above are associated with congenital defects and what are they?
Embryos is the early phase of the development in sexually reproducing multicellular organisms. It is a part of life cycle that starts just after the process of fertilization and this stage continues through the development of the body structures like organs and tissues.
Foramen ovale: It is a small hole like structure found in the septum. Septum is the wall present between the two upper chambers of the heart. At embryological stage, a baby doesn’t use its lungs to receive the blood rich in oxygen. Foramen ovale usually closes when the blood pressure rises in left side of heart after the baby’s birth. Foramen ovale basically an aperture found in the muscular tissue between right and left atrium that permits the blood to cross atria and bypass the pulmonary blood circulation at the time of embryonic development.
Endocardial cushions: They are also known as atrioventricular cushions. They are subset of cells in the development of heart. They play a crucial role in the complete and correct formation of the heart septa. Endocardial cushions develop on the conotruncal regions of bulbus cordis and atrioventricular canal. They are basically two thick regions that develop into septum of heart that divides the heart into four chambers. They also form the tricuspid and mitral valves.
Step by step
Solved in 5 steps
