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Explain what how the muscle cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps RESTING STAGE ECF Cytosol ACTION POTENTIAL,

Explain what how the muscle cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps RESTING STAGE ECF Cytosol ACTION POTENTIAL,

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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6. Explain what how the muscles cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps 7. Describe the events at the neuromuscular....
**6. Explain how the muscle cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps.** **Resting Membrane Potential:** - Muscle cells maintain a resting membrane potential primarily through the activity of sodium-potassium pumps and leak channels. - Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport 3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient. - Potassium leak channels allow passive movement of K⁺ ions out of the cell, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside (ECF – Extracellular Fluid). - The accompanying diagram shows ions across the cell membrane, with a line graph indicating a stable resting potential. **Action Potential:** - An action potential involves depolarization and repolarization phases. - **Depolarization:** Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na⁺ ions to flow into the cell, causing the membrane potential to become more positive. - **Repolarization:** Voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing K⁺ ions to exit the cell, restoring the negative membrane potential. - The diagram of the action potential shows key ion movements, with a line graph depicting rapid depolarization and repolarization phases. **7. Describe the events at the neuromuscular junction that elicit an action potential in the muscle fiber on the following image:** - The diagram illustrates the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber. 1. **Arrival of Action Potential:** The action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron. 2. **Calcium Influx:** Voltage-gated calcium channels open, allowing Ca²⁺ ions to enter the neuron. 3. **Neurotransmitter Release:** The influx of Ca²⁺ causes synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine (ACh) into the synaptic cleft. 4. **Acetylcholine Binding:** ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma (muscle fiber membrane), opening ion channels. 5. **Sodium Influx:** Na⁺ ions enter the muscle cell, causing depolarization and generating an action potential. 6. **Muscle Contraction:** The action potential travels along the sarcolemma, leading to muscle contraction. These steps describe how the NMJ translates neuronal signals into muscle movements.
Transcribed Image Text:**6. Explain how the muscle cell maintains resting membrane potential and explain the two main parts of an action potential. Include type of channels and pumps.** **Resting Membrane Potential:** - Muscle cells maintain a resting membrane potential primarily through the activity of sodium-potassium pumps and leak channels. - Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport 3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions into the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient. - Potassium leak channels allow passive movement of K⁺ ions out of the cell, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside (ECF – Extracellular Fluid). - The accompanying diagram shows ions across the cell membrane, with a line graph indicating a stable resting potential. **Action Potential:** - An action potential involves depolarization and repolarization phases. - **Depolarization:** Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na⁺ ions to flow into the cell, causing the membrane potential to become more positive. - **Repolarization:** Voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing K⁺ ions to exit the cell, restoring the negative membrane potential. - The diagram of the action potential shows key ion movements, with a line graph depicting rapid depolarization and repolarization phases. **7. Describe the events at the neuromuscular junction that elicit an action potential in the muscle fiber on the following image:** - The diagram illustrates the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber. 1. **Arrival of Action Potential:** The action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron. 2. **Calcium Influx:** Voltage-gated calcium channels open, allowing Ca²⁺ ions to enter the neuron. 3. **Neurotransmitter Release:** The influx of Ca²⁺ causes synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine (ACh) into the synaptic cleft. 4. **Acetylcholine Binding:** ACh binds to receptors on the sarcolemma (muscle fiber membrane), opening ion channels. 5. **Sodium Influx:** Na⁺ ions enter the muscle cell, causing depolarization and generating an action potential. 6. **Muscle Contraction:** The action potential travels along the sarcolemma, leading to muscle contraction. These steps describe how the NMJ translates neuronal signals into muscle movements.
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